{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T22:45:53Z","timestamp":1770072353660,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the relations of plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), N-terminal ANF (N-ANF), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP; the cardiac peptide second messenger), and plasma catecholamines to left ventricular function and to prognosis in patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Plasma hormones and ventricular function (radionuclide ventriculography) were measured 1\u20134 days after myocardial infarction in 220 patients admitted to a single coronary care unit. Radionuclide scanning was repeated 3\u20135 months after infarction. Clinical events were recorded over a mean period of 14 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Both early and late left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were most closely related to plasma BNP (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.60, n\u2009=\u2009220, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; and<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.53, n\u2009=\u2009192, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively), followed by ANF, N-ANF, cGMP, and the plasma catecholamines. Early plasma BNP concentrations less than twofold the upper limit of normal (20 pmol\/l) had 100% negative predictive value for LVEF &lt;\u200940% at 3\u20135 months after infarction. In multivariate analysis incorporating all the neurohormonal factors, only BNP remained independently predictive of LVEF &lt;\u200940% (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.005). Survival analysis by median levels of candidate predictors identified BNP as the most powerful discriminator for death (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). No early deaths (within 4 months) occurred in patients with plasma BNP concentrations below the group median (27 pmol\/l), and over follow up only three of 26 deaths occurred in this subgroup. Of all episodes of left ventricular failure, 85% occurred in patients with plasma BNP above the median (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In multivariate analyses, BNP alone gave additional predictive information beyond sex, age, clinical history, LVEF, and plasma noradrenaline for both subsequent onset of LVF and death.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Plasma BNP measured within 1\u20134 days of acute myocardial infarction is a powerful independent predictor of left ventricular function, heart failure, or death over the subsequent 14 months, and superior to ANF, N-ANF, cGMP, and plasma catecholamines.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.81.2.114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]],"date-time":"2014-10-22T15:31:45Z","timestamp":1413991905000},"page":"114-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Neuroendocrine prediction of left ventricular function and heart failure after acute myocardial infarction"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"A M","family":"Richards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand, \n\nbDepartment of Endocrinology, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ncDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ndDepartment of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M G","family":"Nicholls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand, \n\nbDepartment of Endocrinology, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ncDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ndDepartment of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T G","family":"Yandle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand, \n\nbDepartment of Endocrinology, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ncDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ndDepartment of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand, \n\nbDepartment of Endocrinology, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ncDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ndDepartment of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E A","family":"Espiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand, \n\nbDepartment of Endocrinology, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ncDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ndDepartment of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J G","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand, \n\nbDepartment of Endocrinology, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ncDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ndDepartment of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R C","family":"Buttimore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand, \n\nbDepartment of Endocrinology, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ncDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ndDepartment of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J G","family":"Lainchbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand, \n\nbDepartment of Endocrinology, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ncDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ndDepartment of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J M","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand, \n\nbDepartment of Endocrinology, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ncDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ndDepartment of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Frampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand, \n\nbDepartment of Endocrinology, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ncDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ndDepartment of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I G","family":"Crozier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand, \n\nbDepartment of Endocrinology, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ncDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ndDepartment of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D W","family":"Smyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand, \n\nbDepartment of Endocrinology, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ncDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, \n\ndDepartment of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198409273111303"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.5.1724"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.68.7.38"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480190067033"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90669-4"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)93125-K"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.5.1934"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00342-8"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80196-9"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)89176-X"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.28.6.988"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.4.690"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.11.1963"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(96)00067-8"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.15","unstructured":"Nicklas JM, Benedict C, Johnstone DE, et al. Relationship between neurohumoral profile and one year mortality in patients with CHF and\/or LV dysfunction [abstract].Circulation1991;84(suppl II):468."},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00278-0"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)93126-L"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.18","first-page":"71","article-title":"Radioimmunoassay and characterisation of atrial natriuretic peptide in human plasma.","volume":"61","author":"Yandle","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.76.4.832"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)45621-4","article-title":"Kipnis D. Radioimmunoassay for cyclic nucleotides.","volume":"247","author":"Steiner","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(81)90139-9"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063747"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66163-6"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.11.1946"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.25","first-page":"205A","article-title":"Independent and interactive prognostic information of neurohormones and echocardiogram in high risk post-MI patients [abstract].","volume":"19","author":"Sussex","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90543-L"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.4.1573"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00520-X"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90610-8"},{"key":"2025100706242163000_81.2.114.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199007263230405"}],"container-title":["Heart"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.81.2.114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T13:43:48Z","timestamp":1759844628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/heart.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.81.2.114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/hrt.81.2.114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.81.2.114","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6037","1468-201X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6037","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-201X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]}}}