{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:08:47Z","timestamp":1758816527683,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To quantify and describe non-fatal, unintentional bathroom injuries among children less than 15 years of age treated in US hospital emergency departments (EDs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study used 2008 data from a nationally representative sample of EDs, available from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program. We examined unintentional non-fatal bathroom injuries in any setting (eg, home, school or public place) among children less than 15 years of age and identified types of injuries, major locations within the bathroom and precipitating events.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Based on 1099 cases, an estimated 51\u2005132 non-fatal bathroom injuries in children less than 15 years of age were treated in US EDs in 2008. Most injuries (73.8%) were caused by falls. The highest rate was for injuries that occurred in or around the shower or bathtub (65.9 per 100\u2005000). Children less than 15 years of age sustained the greatest number of injuries and had the highest injury rate (151 per 100\u2005000 (95% CI 108.7 to 193.3)), while children 10\u201314 years of age had the lowest rate (28.7 (95% CI 20.6 to 36.8)). The rates differed significantly by age group (p&lt;0.001). A majority of the patients (96.9%) were treated in the ED and released.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most bathroom injuries in children occurred while they were showering or bathing and were caused by falling or hitting an object. Such injuries might be reduced by improving caregiver supervision for younger children. For older children, a combination of bathroom safety education and environmental modifications, such as installing grab bars inside and outside the shower or tub, may reduce bathroom injuries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2012-040600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]],"date-time":"2013-01-15T20:47:33Z","timestamp":1358282853000},"page":"316-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bathroom injuries in children less than 15 years old"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth Nicole","family":"Head","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia State University, Institute of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judy A","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadesse","family":"Haileyesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (producer). http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncipc\/wisqars (accessed 11 May 2011)."},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.2","unstructured":"Span P . The most dangerous room in the house? http:\/\/newoldage.blogs.nytimes.com\/2009\/05\/28\/the-most-dangerous-room-in-the-house (accessed 6 Apr 2011)."},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490512000111","article-title":"Residential Injuries in US children","volume":"120","author":"Phelan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2008.020958"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2489"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1075-4210(97)90062-6"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.62.1.1","article-title":"Tap water scald burns in children","volume":"62","author":"Feldman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.8","unstructured":"American Burn Association. Scald injury prevention educator's guide. American Burn Association Website. http:\/\/www.ameriburn.org\/Preven\/ScaldInjuryEducator'sGuide.pdf (accessed 14 Sept 2011)."},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.9","first-page":"729","article-title":"Nonfatal bathroom injuries among persons aged \u226515 years\u2014United States, 2008","volume":"60","author":"Stevens","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsh046"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/icsp.9.2.121.8696"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsj045"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsj073"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025768"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.15","first-page":"77","article-title":"Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain","volume-title":"Adolescent brain development: vulnerabilities ad opportunities anals of the New York academy of sciences","volume":"Vol. 1021","author":"Giedd","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.DBP.0000268561.80204.2a"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prinz RJ . Parenting and the prevention of childhood injuries. In: Doll LS Bonzo SE Mercy JA Sleet DA . eds Handbook of injury and violence prevention. New York, USA: Springer Publishing, 2007:333\u201346.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-29457-5_18"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.18","unstructured":"State of Home Safety in America\u2122 Report. Available at: http:\/\/www.homesafetycouncil.org\/AboutUs\/Research\/re_sohs_w001.asp (accessed 28 Oct 2010)."},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.19","first-page":"3","article-title":"Preventing unintentional injuries in children and young people under 15","volume":"84","author":"Irving","year":"2011","journal-title":"Community Pract"},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.20","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). 2010. PH30 Preventing unintentional injuries among under-15s in the home: guidance. http:\/\/guidance.nice.org.uk\/PH30\/Guidance\/pdf\/English (accessed 31 Jan 2012)."},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.21","unstructured":"Stone R Blackwell D Burton D . Executive summary: a systematic program to reduce the incidence and severity of bathtub and shower area injuries. Cambridge, MA: Abt Associates, 1975."},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.22","unstructured":"Kramer P . Babyproofing 101: 10 Household Safety Hazards. http:\/\/www.parents.com\/baby\/safety\/babyproofing\/10-household-baby-safety-hazards\/ (accessed 5 May 2011)."},{"key":"2025092504512416000_19.5.316.23","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics. The International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification: ICD-9-CM. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/icd\/icd9cm.htm (accessed 8 Sept 2010)."}],"container-title":["Injury Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/injuryprev-2012-040600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T11:51:37Z","timestamp":1758801097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/injuryprev-2012-040600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/injuryprev-2012-040600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/injuryprev-2012-040600","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-8047","1475-5785"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1353-8047"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1475-5785"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]]}}}