{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:16:23Z","timestamp":1758845783913,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes are a serious public health and safety concern. Engineering approaches that address ATV injury prevention are critically needed. Avenues to pursue include evidence-based seat design that decreases risky behaviours, such as carrying passengers and operation of adult-size vehicles by children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The goal of this study was to create and validate an image-based method to measure ATV seat length and placement.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Publicly available ATV images were downloaded. Adobe Photoshop was then used to generate a vertical grid through the centre of the vehicle, to define the grid scale using the manufacturer's reported wheelbase, and to determine seat length and placement relative to the front and rear axles using this scale. Images that yielded a difference greater than 5% between the calculated and the manufacturer's reported ATV lengths were excluded from further analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For the 77 images that met inclusion criteria, the mean\u00b1SD for the difference in calculated versus reported vehicle length was 1.8%\u00b11.2%. The Pearson correlation coefficient for comparing image-based seat lengths determined by two independent measurers (20 models) and image-based lengths versus lengths measured at dealerships (12 models) were 0.95 and 0.96, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The image-based method provides accurate and reproducible results for determining ATV measurements, including seat length and placement. This method greatly expands the number of ATV models that can be studied, and may be generalisable to other motor vehicle types. These measurements can be used to guide engineering approaches that improve ATV safety design.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2013-040787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,9]],"date-time":"2013-07-09T20:46:30Z","timestamp":1373402790000},"page":"115-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An image-based method to measure all-terrain vehicle dimensions for engineering safety purposes"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Charles A","family":"Jennissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan S","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiyang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerene M","family":"Denning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092504180554000_20.2.115.1","unstructured":"ATVSafety.gov. ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries for All Ages, 1985\u20132011. http:\/\/www.atvsafety.gov\/stats.html (accessed 25 Apr 2013)."},{"key":"2025092504180554000_20.2.115.2","unstructured":"U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 2011 Annual Report of All-Terrain (ATV)-Related Deaths and Injuries. 2013. http:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/\/Global\/Research-and-Statistics\/Injury-Statistics\/atv2011.pdf (accessed 30 Apr 2013)."},{"key":"2025092504180554000_20.2.115.3","unstructured":"General Accounting Office (GAO). All-terrain vehicles: How they are used, crashes, and sales of adult-sized vehicles for children's use. Report to Congressional Committees (GAO-10-418). 2010. http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d10418.pdf (accessed 20 Jan 2012)."},{"key":"2025092504180554000_20.2.115.4","unstructured":"U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 2010 Annual Report of ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries. 2011. http:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/library\/foia\/foia12\/os\/atv2010.pdf (accessed 11 Apr 2012)."},{"key":"2025092504180554000_20.2.115.5","unstructured":"Consumer Federation of America. All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Safety Crisis: America's Children at Risk. Aug 2003. http:\/\/www.consumerfed.org\/elements\/www.consumerfed.org\/file\/health\/atv-safety-crisis-2003-final-all.pdf (accessed 6 Dec 2012)."},{"key":"2025092504180554000_20.2.115.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490912400310","article-title":"ATV and bicycle deaths and associated costs in the United States, 2000\u20132005","volume":"124","author":"Helmkamp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2025092504180554000_20.2.115.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2002.30826"},{"key":"2025092504180554000_20.2.115.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2003.004176"},{"key":"2025092504180554000_20.2.115.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2012.675110"},{"key":"2025092504180554000_20.2.115.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denning GM Harland KK Ellis DG . 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