{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:35:11Z","timestamp":1762079711212,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HD087460 (DiMaggio)","R21-HD092850 (Curry)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HD087460 (DiMaggio)","R21-HD092850 (Curry)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite substantial progress, motor vehicle crashes remain a leading killer of US children. Previously, we documented significant positive impacts of Safe Routes to School interventions on school-age pedestrian and pedalcyclist crashes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To expand our analysis of US trends in motor vehicle crashes involving school-age pedestrians and pedalcyclists, exploring heterogeneity by age and geography.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We obtained recent police-reported crash data from 26 states, calculating population rates of pedestrian and pedalcyclist crashes, crash fatality rates and pedestrian commuter-adjusted crash rates (\u2018pedestrian danger index\u2019) for school-age children as compared with other age groups. We estimated national and statewide trends by age, injury status, day and travel hour using hierarchical linear modeling.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>School-age children accounted for nearly one in three pedestrians and one in two pedalcyclists struck in motor vehicle crashes from 2000 to 2014. Yet, the rates of these crashes declined 40% and 53%, respectively, over that time, on average, even as adult rates rose. Average crash rates varied geographically from 24.4 to 100.8 pedestrians and 15.6 to 56.7 pedalcyclists struck per 100\u2009000 youth. Crash rates and fatality rates were inversely correlated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite recent increases in adult pedestrian crashes, school-age and younger pedestrians experienced ongoing declines in motor vehicle crashes through 2014 across the USA. There was no evidence of displacement in crash severity; declines were observed in all outcomes. The growing body of state crash data resources can present analytic challenges but also provides unique insights into national and local pedestrian crash trends for all crash outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T22:13:49Z","timestamp":1569622429000},"page":"448-455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Trends in school-age pedestrian and pedalcyclist crashes in the USA: 26 states, 2000\u20132014"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6806-4233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine C","family":"Wheeler-Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA"},{"name":"Population Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison E","family":"Curry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina B","family":"Metzger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2356-6659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles J","family":"DiMaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA"},{"name":"Population Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092505414038000_26.5.448.1","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . 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