{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:46:30Z","timestamp":1787499990562,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","funder":[{"name":"Canadian Institute of health reasearch","award":["Scientific Director\u2019s Grant (SOP 168483)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Scientific Director\u2019s Grant (SOP 168483)"]}]},{"name":"Northern Alberta Clinical Trials and Research Centre Summer Studentship Award","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"the Edmonton Emergency Physicians' Association (EEPA) Summer Studentship Award","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review aimed to identify research involving adults presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a concussion to document the reporting of sex and\/or gender according to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) guidelines, the prevalence of sex and gender-based analysis (SGBA) and to summarise sex and\/or gender-based differences in ED presentation, management and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic databases and grey literature were searched to identify studies that recruited adult patients with concussion from the ED. Two independent reviewers identified eligible studies, assessed quality and extracted data. A descriptive summary of the evidence was generated, and sex and\/or gender reporting was examined for accuracy according to standardised criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 126 studies were included in the analyses. A total of 80 (64%) studies reported sex and\/or gender as demographic information, of which 51 (64%) included sex and\/or gender in their analysis; however, 2 (3%) studies focused on an SGBA. Sex was more accurately reported in alignment with CIHR definitions than gender (94% vs 12%; p&lt;0.0001). In total, 25 studies used an SGBA for outcomes of interest. Males and females experience different causes of concussion, 60% of studies documented that females had less frequent CT scanning while in the ED, and 57% of studies reported that postconcussion syndrome was more prevalent in females and women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review highlighted that sex is reported more accurately than gender, approximately half of studies did not report either sex and\/or gender as demographic information, and one-third of studies did not include SGBA. There were important sex and gender differences in the cause, ED presentation, management and outcomes of concussions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42021258613.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2022-044822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T13:23:04Z","timestamp":1690550584000},"page":"537-544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Role of sex and gender in concussion outcome differences among patients presenting to the emergency department: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Shaina","family":"Corrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4035-624X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Lesyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John W. 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