{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:53:30Z","timestamp":1791096810283,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study is to assess whether experiencing homelessness may be associated with future risk of injury death and characterise these injury deaths by homelessness status among veterans who received healthcare through the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 6\u2009128\u2009921 veterans (399\u2009125 homeless and 5\u2009729\u2009796 non-homeless) who received VA healthcare between 2017 and 2020 and were followed until 2021 using linked data from VA\u2019s Corporate Data Warehouse, Homeless Operations Management System and the VA\/Department of Defense Joint Mortality Data Repository. Injury death rates were estimated by homelessness status with 95% CIs using the exact Poisson method. Multivariable Cox regression models were applied to estimate HRs with 95%\u2009CI for homelessness as a predictor of injury deaths, controlling for demographic, clinical, substance use and mental health characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The injury-specific mortality rate (per 100\u2009000 person-years) was estimated at 254.4 (95% CI 252.5 to 256.4) and was higher among homeless (453.3 (95% CI 443.3 to 463.5)) versus non-homeless (239.9 (95% CI 237.9 to 241.9)) veterans. There were disparities in anatomical sites and injury type by homelessness status. Injury-related risk of death was twice as high among veterans with versus without a homelessness experience (adjusted HR 1.93, 95%\u2009CI 1.88 to 1.98).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Homeless veterans may be at high risk for specific patterns of injury death. Injury prevention efforts should target exposures that distinguish this vulnerable population from other veterans seeking VA healthcare services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2024-045366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T13:20:13Z","timestamp":1737984013000},"page":"818-826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characteristics of injury deaths among homeless and non-homeless US veterans (2017\u20132021)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9704-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hind A","family":"Beydoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"},{"name":"Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Szymkowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ted K S","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0329-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"},{"name":"Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092808102181000_32.5.818.1","unstructured":"H.U.D . CoC and esg homeless eligibility -- category i: literally homeless -- hud exchange 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.hudexchange.info\/homelessness-assistance\/coc-esg-virtual-binders\/coc-esg-homeless-eligibility\/four-categories\/category-1\/ [Accessed 19 Nov 2019]."},{"key":"2026092808102181000_32.5.818.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17423953211023959"},{"key":"2026092808102181000_32.5.818.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.10.017"},{"key":"2026092808102181000_32.5.818.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxu004"},{"key":"2026092808102181000_32.5.818.5","unstructured":"H.U.D . 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National center for injury prevention and control. web-based injury statistics query and reporting system (wisqars). 2024. 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Factors Associated with Homelessness Among US Veterans: A Systematic Review. 2023."},{"key":"2026092808102181000_32.5.818.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.1555"}],"container-title":["Injury Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/ip-2024-045366","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:27:29Z","timestamp":1791095249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/ip-2024-045366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/ip-2024-045366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip-2024-045366","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-8047","1475-5785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-8047","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-5785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]}}}