{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:44:44Z","timestamp":1760345084453,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting lockdowns significantly disrupted the daily life of children worldwide. This study investigated the impact of these lockdowns on paediatric trauma related to wheeled recreational vehicles (including scooter, skateboard, bicycle and motorised vehicle like quadbike) in New South Wales, Australia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective cross-sectional study identified cases by using the International Classification of Diseases, Australia Modification, 12th edition external cause codes from the trauma registry and electronic medical records at two major paediatric trauma centres from March 2020 to December 2021. The study period encompassed 295 days over two COVID-19 lockdown periods (March\u2013June 2020 and June\u2013December 2021) and one baseline period of 361 days without lockdown (June 2020\u2013June 2021). Demographic data, injury characteristics, management and outcomes were compared between the lockdown and no lockdown periods.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 1098 cases identified and analysed, 688 (63%) occurred during lockdowns. The median age was 10 years (IQR=6), with 872 (79%) being male. Wheeled recreational vehicle injuries were significantly more frequent on weekdays during lockdowns compared with no lockdown periods (66% vs 52%, p&lt;0.01). Conversely, recreational motorised vehicle injuries decreased during lockdown when compared with no lockdown periods (15% vs 22%, p&lt;0.05). Injury severity, injured body regions and the proportion of cases requiring operative procedures showed no significant differences between lockdown and no lockdown periods.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings revealed a distinct shift towards weekday wheeled recreational vehicle injuries during lockdowns, reflecting the transition from structured school activities to local recreational activities. This pattern provided insights into how public health measures can influence patterns of paediatric trauma presentations, which may inform future pandemic preparedness planning.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2024-045397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:11:32Z","timestamp":1760343092000},"page":"ip-2024-045397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on paediatric injury patterns due to wheeled recreational vehicles in New South Wales, Australia: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9547-6516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Trauma, Care, Prevention, Education and Research (CTCPER), The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gurpreet","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Trauma, Care, Prevention, Education and Research (CTCPER), The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Trauma, Care, Prevention, Education and Research (CTCPER), The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sydney Children\u2019s Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soundappan S V","family":"Soundappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Trauma, Care, Prevention, Education and Research (CTCPER), The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s42844-020-00010-w","article-title":"Multisystem Resilience for Children and Youth in Disaster: Reflections in the Context of COVID-19","volume":"1","author":"Masten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advers Resil Sci"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.2","unstructured":"Centre for Community Child Health . The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on children in australian early childhood education and care. rapid review prepared by the centre for community child health. Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute for the Commonwealth Department ofEducation, Skills and Employment; 2022."},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01861-z","article-title":"Child, parent, and family mental health and functioning in Australia during COVID-19: comparison to pre-pandemic data","volume":"32","author":"Westrupp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.4","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics . Impact of lockdowns on household consumption - insights from alternative data sources. 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/articles\/impact-lockdowns-household-consumption-insights-alternative-data-sources"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.5","unstructured":"ABS . National, state and territory population. Canberra, 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/people\/population\/national-state-and-territory-population\/latest-release [accessed 29 Jul 2025]"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496920968014","article-title":"Reduced Number of Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma Requiring Operative Treatment during COVID-19 Restrictions: A Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"110","author":"Raitio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand J Surg"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-020-09807-y","article-title":"Pediatric Trauma and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A 12-Year Comparison in a Level-1 Trauma Center","volume":"16","author":"Sheridan","year":"2020","journal-title":"HSS J"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.8","article-title":"Epidemiology of Paediatric Orthopaedic Trauma, Before, During, and After the Outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study From a Tertiary Referral Center in Wales","volume":"13","author":"Gokhale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.9","article-title":"Trauma in Children during Lockdown for SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. A Brief Report","volume":"8","author":"Dibello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.10","first-page":"188","article-title":"Traumatic injuries in children during COVID-19 pandemic: a national report from northern Iran","volume":"12","author":"Reihanian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Burns Trauma"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.09.054","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric trauma during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic","volume":"57","author":"Chaudhari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-023-00445-6","article-title":"Pediatric outdoor recreational injuries: another hidden concern during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"10","author":"Blumberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2020-005074"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003687","article-title":"Pediatric injury trends and relationships with social vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-institutional analysis","volume":"94","author":"Flynn-O\u2019Brien","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.04.032","article-title":"Childhood injury and injury prevention during COVID-19 lockdown - stay home, stay safe?","volume":"52","author":"Palmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/00099228231201250","article-title":"Pediatric Trauma During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A 3-year Retrospective Analysis","volume":"63","author":"Scally","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.02.007","article-title":"Pediatric all-terrain vehicle (ATV) related head injury rates and patterns: A 10-year nationwide analysis","volume":"67","author":"Ganga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.09.015","article-title":"Epidemiological pattern of pediatric trauma in COVID-19 outbreak: Data from a tertiary trauma center in Iran","volume":"51","author":"Nabian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.40.11\/12.02"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.16307"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.16375"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/1863-2548.14.200140"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2022-044573"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/ajr.12735","article-title":"Paediatric off-road vehicle injury in rural and regional Australia","volume":"29","author":"Mulligan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust J Rural Health"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.16277","article-title":"Staying home but not out of trouble: no reduction in presentations to the South Australian paediatric major trauma service despite the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"90","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.26","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare . Australia\u2019s children. Canberra, 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/children-youth\/australias-children"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.15823","article-title":"Quad bike injury prevention and legislation in Australasia","volume":"90","author":"Teague","year":"2020","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.28","unstructured":"Pointer S . Hospitalised injury in children and young people 2011-12. 2014."},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040297","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration","volume":"4","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.30","unstructured":"Independent Health and Aged Care Pricing Authority (IHACPA) . International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10)\u2014Australian Modification. 12th edn. Sydney: IHACPA, 2022."},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-023-00851-5","article-title":"Systemic review of age brackets in pediatric emergency medicine literature and the development of a universal age classification for pediatric emergency patients - the Munich Age Classification System (MACS)","volume":"23","author":"Althammer","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.32","unstructured":"Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM) . The Abbreviated Injury Scale 2005 - Update 2008. Barrington IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 2008."},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.33","unstructured":"Independent Health and Aged Care Pricing Authority (IHACPA) . Australian Classification of Health Interventions (ACHI). 12th edn. Sydney: IHACPA, 2022."},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.34","unstructured":"IBM Corp . IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp, 2017."},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164403251280"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen J . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences . Routledge, 2013. Available: https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/books\/9781134742707","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052583","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Western Australian Children\u2019s Physical Activity and Screen Time","volume":"18","author":"Nathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-022-02936-3","article-title":"Overwhelmed by Learning in Lockdown: Effects of Covid-19-enforced Homeschooling on Parents\u2019 Wellbeing","volume":"164","author":"Heers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"2025101301102344000_ip-2024-045397v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-022-06625-7","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Major Trauma During the First Wave of COVID-19 Movement Restriction Policies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies","volume":"46","author":"Antonini","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Surg"}],"container-title":["Injury Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/ip-2024-045397","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:11:44Z","timestamp":1760343104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/ip-2024-045397"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/ip-2024-045397"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip-2024-045397","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-8047","1475-5785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-8047","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-5785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]}}}