{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T02:47:21Z","timestamp":1775011641534,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u2019s Drug Overdose Surveillance and Epidemiology (DOSE) system captures non-fatal overdose data from health departments\u2019 emergency department (ED) and inpatient hospitalisation discharge data; however, these data have not been compared with other established state-level surveillance systems, which may lag by several years depending on the state. This analysis compared non-fatal overdose rates from DOSE discharge data with rates from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) in order to compare DOSE data against an established dataset.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n DOSE discharge data case definitions (ie, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification codes) for non-fatal unintentional\/undetermined intent all drug, all opioid-involved, heroin-involved and stimulant-involved overdoses were applied to HCUP\u2019s 2018\u22122020 State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD) and State Inpatient Databases (SID). Quarterly crude rates (per 100\u2009000 population) and rate differences of four overdose categories were calculated for ED and inpatient data sources across 18 states included in DOSE and HCUP datasets for at least 2 consecutive years. Joinpoint regression models examined trends from 2018 through 2020, estimating average quarterly percentage change (AQPC) and 95% CIs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Quarterly crude rate differences between DOSE ED and SEDD data (across 12 states) and DOSE inpatient and SID data (across 16 states) indicated that 82% and 93% of rates, respectively, were within \u00b10.5 non-fatal overdoses per 100\u2009000 population of each other. AQPC across states and drug categories were similar between the two data sources for both ED and inpatient data.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n Non-fatal overdose surveillance through DOSE discharge data may be a valid and timely source for estimating non-fatal overdoses at the state level.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2024-045446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T10:26:40Z","timestamp":1735295200000},"page":"ip-2024-045446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Non-fatal drug overdose surveillance using hospital discharge data: a comparison between the Drug Overdose Surveillance and Epidemiology (DOSE) system and the Healthcare Cost and Utilisation Project, 18 states, 2018\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8921-5996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zerleen S","family":"Quader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joohyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Snehaa D","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cassandra M","family":"Pickens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092606003833000_ip-2024-045446v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2023-045091"},{"key":"2025092606003833000_ip-2024-045446v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spencer MR , Garnett MF , Mini\u00f1o AM . Drug overdose deaths in the united states, 2002\u20132022. In: NCHS Data Brief, no 491. Hyattsville: MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 2024.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:135849"},{"key":"2025092606003833000_ip-2024-045446v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.024"},{"key":"2025092606003833000_ip-2024-045446v1.4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System (SUDORS). Preliminary Data; Atlanta, GA US Department of Health and Human Services; 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/overdose-prevention\/data-research\/facts-stats\/sudors-dashboard-fatal-overdose-data.html"},{"key":"2025092606003833000_ip-2024-045446v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spencer MR , Mini\u00f1o AM , Garnett MF . Co-involvement of Opioids in Drug Overdose Deaths Involving Cocaine and Psychostimulants, 2011-2021. 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Centers for disease control and prevention. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/overdose-prevention\/data-research\/facts-stats\/about-dose-system.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/nonfatal\/dose\/about.html [Accessed 16 May 2024]."},{"key":"2025092606003833000_ip-2024-045446v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043521"},{"key":"2025092606003833000_ip-2024-045446v1.12","unstructured":"SEDD Database Documentation . Healthcare cost and utilization project (hcup). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2024. Available: https:\/\/hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/db\/state\/sedddbdocumentation.jsp [Accessed 16 May 2024]."},{"key":"2025092606003833000_ip-2024-045446v1.13","unstructured":"SID Database Documentation . Healthcare cost and utilization project (hcup). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2024. Available: https:\/\/hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/db\/state\/siddbdocumentation.jsp [Accessed 16 May 2024]."},{"key":"2025092606003833000_ip-2024-045446v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein RJ , Proctor SE , Boudreault MA , et al . Healthy People 2010 criteria for data suppression. H P 2010 Stat Notes 2002;1\u201312. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/statnt\/statnt24.pdf","DOI":"10.1037\/e583742012-001"},{"key":"2025092606003833000_ip-2024-045446v1.15","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau . County population totals: 2010-2020. 2021."},{"key":"2025092606003833000_ip-2024-045446v1.16","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau . County population totals and components of change: 2020-2023. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/tables\/time-series\/demo\/popest\/2020s-counties-total.html#v2023 [Accessed 16 May 2024]."},{"key":"2025092606003833000_ip-2024-045446v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"2025092606003833000_ip-2024-045446v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031816-044348"}],"container-title":["Injury Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/ip-2024-045446","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T13:00:48Z","timestamp":1758891648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/ip-2024-045446"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/ip-2024-045446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip-2024-045446","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-8047","1475-5785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-8047","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-5785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]}}}