{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:59:51Z","timestamp":1789516791992,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dog walking creates the risk of falls which can lead to musculoskeletal injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims to evaluate the epidemiology of dog walking-related hand and wrist injuries, discuss their estimated economic impact, and identify gaps in research and legislation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases were searched. Outcomes of interest were the incidence of dog-related hand and wrist injuries. The quality of studies was analysed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five studies consisting of 491\u2009400 injuries among 491\u2009373 patients were included. Among these, 364\u2009904 (74.3%) were female, and at least 152\u2009247 (31.0%) were older than 65 years of age. A total of 110\u2009722 specific fractures or soft tissue injuries to the hand and wrist were reported. Finger fractures were the most common injury among hand and wrist injuries (n=34\u2009051; 30.8%). Being pulled by a leash was the most common cause of a direct dog-related injury (n=314\u2009189; 68.5%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review highlights a significant number of dog walking-related hand and wrist injuries, particularly in the elderly and female population. While finger fractures were the most frequently reported injury, the cost analysis in this review focused on distal radius fractures due to their substantial economic impact. We estimated the potential annual cost of dog walking-related wrist fractures in the UK to exceed \u00a323\u2009million. Preventative measures, including safer leash practices and public safety guidance, should be implemented to reduce injury risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2025-045629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T20:00:18Z","timestamp":1750795218000},"page":"25-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dog walking-related injuries of the hand and wrist: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5999-8364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Trussler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeline","family":"Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suddhajit","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012002250621000_32.1.25.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-024-00510-8","article-title":"Demographic shifts reshaping the landscape of hand trauma: a comprehensive single-center analysis of changing trends in hand injuries from 2007 to 2022","volume":"11","author":"Tamulevicius","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026012002250621000_32.1.25.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980170076"},{"key":"2026012002250621000_32.1.25.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.04.130"},{"key":"2026012002250621000_32.1.25.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.10.004"},{"key":"2026012002250621000_32.1.25.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003184"},{"key":"2026012002250621000_32.1.25.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2017-209330"},{"key":"2026012002250621000_32.1.25.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/wjps-2021-000281","article-title":"Pediatric dog bite injuries in the USA: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Patterson","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2026012002250621000_32.1.25.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.10.5.646"},{"key":"2026012002250621000_32.1.25.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41813-y","article-title":"Pet ownership and maintenance of cognitive function in community-residing older adults: evidence from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA)","volume":"13","author":"Friedmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026012002250621000_32.1.25.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2010.01.001"},{"key":"2026012002250621000_32.1.25.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-06214-9"},{"key":"2026012002250621000_32.1.25.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026012002250621000_32.1.25.13","unstructured":"Wells G , Shea B , O\u2019Connell D , et al . 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