{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T21:53:04Z","timestamp":1757627584227,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","funder":[{"name":"Northeastern University Undergraduate Research and Fellowships","award":["PEAK Experiences Award Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEAK Experiences Award Grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite the high prevalence of violence among transgender and gender-diverse individuals, injury disparities remain understudied and are often attributed to underreporting. To address this limitation, we analysed radiology reports to objectively compare the prevalence and patterns of injuries between transgender women and cisgender women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used the Research Patient Data Registry at a level 1 trauma centre in the USA to identify 263 transgender women and 525 age-matched, race-matched and ethnicity-matched cisgender women. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) and ORs were calculated to compare imaging and injury patterns. Two radiologists, blinded to patients\u2019 gender identity, assessed the presence and type of injuries based solely on radiology reports. Electronic medical records were reviewed for all patients with radiologically evident injuries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In our cohort, 25.4% of cases sustained 141 injuries (67\/263), compared with 14.7% of controls with 98 injuries (77\/525). Injury rates were significantly higher among transgender women (aIRR: 3.3 (2.5\u20134.3), p&lt;0.01), particularly for cranial (7.8 (2.1\u201329.1), p&lt;0.01), facial (36.4 (8.6\u2013153.8), p&lt;0.01) and thoracic injuries (4.9 (1.4\u201317), p=0.01). Notably, 78.9% of facial fractures (15\/19) involved the midface. Transgender women were also more likely to undergo imaging in emergency departments compared with cisgender women (OR: 5.3 (3.3\u20138.3), p&lt;0.01).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Transgender women experience significantly higher injury rates, particularly to the head, face and chest and more frequently present to emergency departments.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2025-045731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T04:35:32Z","timestamp":1757478932000},"page":"ip-2025-045731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparing radiologically evident injuries among cisgender and transgender women"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4678-042X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohan Raj","family":"Chopra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Imaging Research and Innovation Center, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Northeastern University - Boston Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard A","family":"Rosner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana C","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Imaging Research and Innovation Center, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandra Maria","family":"Duran-Mendicuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Imaging Research and Innovation Center, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica C","family":"Loftus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Imaging Research and Innovation Center, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Savage-Borne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Imaging Research and Innovation Center, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Kourabas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Violence Recovery Program, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ole-Petter R","family":"Hamnvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bharti","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Imaging Research and Innovation Center, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090921351413000_ip-2025-045731v1.1","unstructured":"United Nations Refugee Agency . 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