{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:54:49Z","timestamp":1793811289308,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) surveillance in the USA has historically used hospital administrative datasets and vital records to determine the number and rate of people who are hospitalised or die from a TBI. However, gaps exist in obtaining timely and accurate estimates of emergency department (ED)-treated TBIs. The purpose of this paper is to compare the number of TBI-related ED visits derived from two national datasets.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used 2016\u20132021 data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System\u2013All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) and the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project \u2013 Nationwide ED Sample (HCUP-NEDS). Estimates over time were compared.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Applying a broad TBI case definition to NEISS-AIP that included concussions, skull fractures and internal injuries of the head, an average of 3.0\u2009million TBI-related ED visits occurred on an annual basis, with the number of visits ranging from 2.8 million to 3.2 million. When using the broadest definition of TBI in HCUP-NEDS, which includes the unspecified injury of the head code, there were an average of 2.7\u2009million TBI-related visits per year (estimates ranged from 2.4\u2009million to 2.9\u2009million). However, the narrower definition of TBI, which did not include unspecified injury of the head, found an average of 1.1\u2009million visits per year, ranging from 1.0 million to 1.1 million.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>When using the broadest definitions of TBI for both datasets, the number of annual TBI-related ED visits is similar. Deciding which dataset to use for TBI surveillance will depend on the project\u2019s goals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2025-045769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T17:20:25Z","timestamp":1757006425000},"page":"ip-2025-045769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison of US TBI-related emergency department visits from two data sources: NEISS-AIP and HCUP-NEDS"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9277-0712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jill","family":"Daugherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Injury Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Injury Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Waltzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Injury Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Injury Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F","family":"Ballesteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Injury Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2017.04.002","article-title":"CDC\u2019s efforts to improve traumatic brain injury surveillance","volume":"62","author":"Bell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Safety Res"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.2","unstructured":"Centers for disease control and prevention. TBI data; 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/traumatic-brain-injury\/data-research\/index.html"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043517"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12982-015-0031-x","article-title":"Children and youth with \u2018unspecified injury to the head\u2019: implications for traumatic brain injury research and surveillance","volume":"12","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Themes Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2005.07.038"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050400013568"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.7","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality . Overview of the nationwide emergency department sample (NEDS). 2024. Available: https:\/\/hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/nedsoverview.jsp"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . National estimates of nonfatal injuries treated in hospital emergency departments--united states. 2000. Available: http:\/\/www.safetylit.org\/citations\/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_5762_7"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.9","unstructured":"United States Consumer Product Safety Commission . NEISS frequently asked questions. 2025. Available: https:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/Research--Statistics\/NEISS-Injury-Data\/Neiss-Frequently-Asked-Questions"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.10","unstructured":"Hedegaard H , Johnson RL , Warner M , et al . Proposed Framework for Presenting Injury Data Using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) Diagnosis Codes. Natl Health Stat Report 2016;1\u201320."},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.11","unstructured":"Marr ACV . Central nervous system injury surveillance data submission standards\u20142002. Atlanta, GA, 2004."},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.12.035","article-title":"Emergency department visits for mild traumatic brain injury in early childhood","volume":"65","author":"Rose","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.13","unstructured":"Faul MWMMXLCVG . Traumatic brain injury in the united states: emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths, 2002-2006. Atlanta, GA, 2010."},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2013.771795"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1849801"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2023-045069"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2021-044397"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6927a4","article-title":"Trends in Emergency Department Visits for Contact Sports\u2013Related Traumatic Brain Injuries Among Children \u2014 United States, 2001\u20132018","volume":"69","author":"Waltzman","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6810a2"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7019a1","article-title":"Emergency Department Visits for Bicycle-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries Among Children and Adults \u2014 United States, 2009\u20132018","volume":"70","author":"Sarmiento","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2025090410201489000_ip-2025-045769v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-01940-4","article-title":"Addressing health disparities using multiply imputed injury surveillance data","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"}],"container-title":["Injury Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/ip-2025-045769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T17:20:27Z","timestamp":1757006427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/ip-2025-045769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/ip-2025-045769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip-2025-045769","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-8047","1475-5785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-8047","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-5785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]}}}