{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:35:04Z","timestamp":1791318904574,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sexual misconduct (SM), which encompasses sexual harassment and assault, is a significant public health issue with myriad short- and longer-term adverse impacts. Data from Europe, Australia and Africa suggest that SM is endemic to live music events. However, few have examined the prevalence of SM at live music events in the USA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We surveyed US adults who attended at least one live music event in the previous year using an online questionnaire to examine the prevalence and reporting of SM at live music events. Respondents (n=1091) were recruited through digital channels of non-profit and industry partners who regularly engage with US concertgoers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>About half (51%) of respondents identified as women; most were aged 30\u201349 years (66%) and attended live music often\/very often (67%). Most respondents (61%) reported experiencing SM at a live music event during their lifetime. A greater proportion of women (82%) than men (39%) reported experiencing sexual harassment and\/or sexual assault. Most respondents (88%) did not report their SM incidents to the music venue where the incident occurred. Common barriers to reporting were identified, many of which were related to music venue environments in which the incidents occurred.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SM is prevalent at live music events in the USA, with women disproportionately affected. Reporting of SM incidents at music venues is limited, but barriers can be overcome. Comprehensive interventions are necessary to raise awareness of SM, reduce its occurrence and support reporting at live music events. Future research should investigate the policies and procedures of US music venues regarding SM prevention, communication, training and response.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2025-045809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:12Z","timestamp":1758585612000},"page":"ip-2025-045809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and reporting of sexual harassment and sexual assault at live music events in the USA"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4816-7171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Elizabeth","family":"Price","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GrooveSafe, Stow, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1177\/0004865820903777","article-title":"Safety, sexual harassment and assault at Australian music festivals: Reporting practices and experiences of festival attendees","volume":"53","author":"Fileborn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Criminol"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.2","unstructured":"Kelly L . Surviving sexual violence. Wiley. Available: https:\/\/www.wiley.com\/en-us\/Surviving+Sexual+Violence-p-9780745667430 [Accessed 15 Feb 2025]."},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Sustainable development goals. 2025. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/about-us\/our-work\/sustainable-development-goals [Accessed 14 Feb 2025]."},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/10286632.2014.987668","article-title":"Cultural value and cultural policy: some evidence from the world of live music","volume":"22","author":"Behr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cult Policy"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.5","unstructured":"Carter D , Muller P . The economic and cultural value of live music in Australia. University of Tasmania Live Music Office; 2015. Available: http:\/\/livemusicoffice.com.au\/research\/"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2019.02.015","article-title":"The social and cultural values of live music: Sustaining urban live music ecologies","volume":"90","author":"van der Hoeven","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1558\/prbt.32968","article-title":"Cultural value and urban governance: a place for Melbourne\u2019s music community at the policymaking table","volume":"18","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perfect Beat"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5429\/2079-3871(2020)v10i1.2en","article-title":"Sexual violence and gender equality in grassroots music venues: how to facilitate change","volume":"10","author":"Hill","year":"2020","journal-title":"IASPM J"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.9","unstructured":"Rys D . Nielson releases in-depth statistics on live music behavior: 52 percent of Americans attend shows. 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.billboard.com\/pro\/nielsen-releases-in-depth-statistics-live-music-behavior-360-report\/"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012211012096","article-title":"Gendered Responses to Gendered Harms: Sexual Violence and Bystander Intervention at Australian Music Festivals","volume":"28","author":"Baillie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bows H . Festivals must do more to address sexual violence. The Conversation; 2022. Available: http:\/\/theconversation.com\/festivals-must-do-more-to-address-sexual-violence-189188 [Accessed 11 Feb 2025].","DOI":"10.64628\/AB.u7uqhshwq"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1332\/239868021X16439111624553","article-title":"Perceptions of safety and experiences of gender-based violence at UK music festivals","volume":"7","author":"Bows","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gender-Based Violence"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1177\/1367877919891730","article-title":"Sexual violence at live music events: Experiences, responses and prevention","volume":"23","author":"Hill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cult Stud"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.14","unstructured":"Prescott-Smith S . Two in five young female festival goers have been subjected to unwanted sexual behaviour. YouGov. Available: https:\/\/yougov.co.uk\/society\/articles\/21047-two-five-young-female-festival-goers-have-been-sub [Accessed 11 Feb 2025]."},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012221120443","article-title":"\u201cIt\u2019s Like a Drive by Misogyny\u201d: Sexual Violence at UK Music Festivals","volume":"30","author":"Bows","year":"2024","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.16","unstructured":"Agence France-Presse (AFP) . Sweden\u2019s br\u00e5valla music festival cancelled next year after sex attacks. The Guardian; 2017. Available: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/jul\/03\/swedens-bravalla-music-festival-cancelled-next-year-after-sex-attacks [Accessed 11 Feb 2025]."},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3727\/152599523X16990639314819","article-title":"Inappropriate Behavior at Finnish Live Music Events","volume":"28","author":"Kinnunen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Event Manag"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/25166069211031136","article-title":"Sexual Violence at Music Festivals and the \u2018Theory of Silence\u2019: Unravelling the \u2018Hideous\u2019 Sexual Assault Problem in Nigerian Open-air Musical Events","volume":"4","author":"Aborisade","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Victimol Victim Just"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1108\/IJEFM-07-2024-0079","article-title":"Gender minorities at music festivals","volume":"16","author":"Kinnunen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Event Festiv Manag"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.20","unstructured":"Platt L , Finkel R . Gendered violence at international festivals: an interdisciplinary perspective. Routledge, 2022."},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1332\/239868021X16784676224611","article-title":"The sound of misogyny: sexual harassment and sexual violence in the music industry","volume":"7","author":"McCarry","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gender-Based Violence"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101363","article-title":"Sexual violence and nightlife: A systematic literature review","volume":"51","author":"Quigg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aggress Violent Behav"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.23","unstructured":"Qualtrics . The survey described in this paper was conducted using Qualtrics software, XM. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.qualtrics.com"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.24","unstructured":"George Washington University . Unwelcomed sexual behavior questionnaire. 2015. Available: https:\/\/survey.gwu.edu\/sites\/g\/files\/zaxdzs6196\/files\/snHarrass15%20-%20Questionnaire.pdf [Accessed 4 Mar 2025]."},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.25","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health . NIH Policy Manual: 3014-301 - informed consent. Available: https:\/\/policymanual.nih.gov\/3014-301 [Accessed 13 Apr 2025]."},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.26","unstructured":"APPG for UN Women . Prevalence and reporting of sexual harassment in UK public spaces. 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.unwomenuk.org\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/APPG-UN-Women-Sexual-Harassment-Report_Updated.pdf [Accessed 13 Apr 2025]."},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.27","unstructured":"Goodwin G . Gender equality in the live music sector. Live DMA; 2025. Available: https:\/\/live-dma.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Gender-Litterature-review.pdf"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605241234355","article-title":"#MeToo and Sexual Violence Reporting in the National Crime Victimization Survey","volume":"39","author":"Worthen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azr011"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01081.x","article-title":"Why do victims fail to report? The psychology of criminal victimization","volume":"40","author":"Kidd","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Soc Issues"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garius L , Ward B , Teague K , et al . Evaluating harm-reduction initiatives in a nighttime economy and music festival context. In: Crime and fear in public places. 1st edn. Routledge, 2020: 17.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429352775-25"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cortina LM . From victim precipitation to perpetrator predation: toward a new paradigm for understanding workplace aggression. In: Research and theory on workplace aggression. Current perspectives in social and behavioral sciences. Cambridge University Press, 2017: 121\u201335.","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316160930.006"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.34","unstructured":"Webster E , Brennan M , Behr A . Valuing live music: the uk live music census 2017 report. 2018. Available: https:\/\/uklivemusiccensus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/UK-Live-Music-Census-2017-full-report-LARGE-PRINT.pdf"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.35","unstructured":"Hutchins L , Pennay A , Wijsmuller A . Licensed venue design and harm minimisation: a neglected domain. In: Stemming the tide of alcohol. Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, 2014. Available: https:\/\/fare.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/Stemming-the-Tide-of-Alcohol-Manton-et-al-eds-2014.pdf#page=99"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/admsci13010003","article-title":"Organizational Change: Considering Truth and Buy-In","volume":"13","author":"Hubbart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adm Sci"},{"key":"2025092217000513000_ip-2025-045809v1.37","unstructured":"Conners P . JAMerica: the history of the jam band and festival scene. Hachette Books, 2013."}],"container-title":["Injury Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/ip-2025-045809","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:17Z","timestamp":1758585617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/ip-2025-045809"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/ip-2025-045809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip-2025-045809","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-8047","1475-5785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-8047","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-5785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]}}}