{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T04:12:40Z","timestamp":1767931960210,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/X511225\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/X511225\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/X004910\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/X004910\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dog-related injuries, particularly bites, are a growing public health concern, yet context for effective prevention remains limited. This study takes a novel approach by analysing civil claims enquiry data to describe the context and impact of dog bite and non-bite incidents in England and Wales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive analysis of anonymised civil claims enquiry data from 2017 to 2024. Demographic and injury consequences were compared between bite and non-bite incidents using Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>816 incidents were analysed; 91.3% were dog bites, 6.7% dog strikes. Bites (n=745) occurred at private residential properties (52.8%) or on public highways or pavements (22.8%). Non-bite incidents (n=70) were in public spaces (48.6%) or public highways or pavements (25.7%). Delivery workers accounted for 28.1% of victims. Most dogs were off lead at the time of injury (78.8% bites, 85.7% non-bites). Fractures occurred in 72.7% (40\/55) of non-bite incidents. Mental illness followed in 15.1% of bite cases and 10.0% of non-bites; 6.5% of individuals were clinically diagnosed with specific phobias, 4.1% with post-traumatic stress disorder. Work absence was reported in 59.5% of bites, while 54.3% reported lost earnings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Civil claims data offer valuable insights into the burden and context of dog-related injuries. Dog strikes, although less common, often result in severe injury. Most public incidents involved unrestrained dogs. This work provides emerging evidence of the psychological impact of dog-related injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a novel methodology for contextual injury research and highlight the need to assess enforceable dog lead use on highways and public spaces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2025-045863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T01:00:22Z","timestamp":1767920422000},"page":"ip-2025-045863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using civil claim enquiry data to understand the context and impact of dog-related injuries in England and Wales between 2017 and 2024"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2150-0090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Tulloch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Ahearne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Criminology, School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Moxey-Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slee Blackwell Solicitors LLP, Taunton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slee Blackwell Solicitors LLP, Taunton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010817001668000_ip-2025-045863v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-82358-y","article-title":"Estimation of the size, density, and demographic distribution of the UK pet dog population in 2019","volume":"14","author":"McMillan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026010817001668000_ip-2025-045863v1.2","unstructured":"UK Pet Food . 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