{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T13:16:12Z","timestamp":1775222172960,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:bold> To determine whether substantial short term declines in drivers\u2019 use of handheld cell phones, after a state ban, were sustained one year later.<\/jats:p>\n \n Design:<\/jats:bold> Drivers\u2019 daytime handheld cell phone use was observed in four New York communities and two Connecticut communities. Observations were conducted one month before the ban, shortly after, and 16 months after. Driver gender, estimated age, and vehicle type were recorded for phone users and a sample of motorists.<\/jats:p>\n \n Intervention:<\/jats:bold> Effective 1 November 2001, New York became the only state in the United States to ban drivers\u2019 handheld cell phone use. Connecticut is an adjacent state without such a law.<\/jats:p>\n \n Sample:<\/jats:bold> 50 033 drivers in New York, 28 307 drivers in Connecticut.<\/jats:p>\n \n Outcome measures:<\/jats:bold> Drivers\u2019 handheld cell phone use rates in New York and Connecticut and rates by driver characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold> Overall use rates in Connecticut did not change. Overall use in New York declined from 2.3% pre-law to 1.1% shortly after (p<0.05). One year later, use was 2.1%, higher than immediately post-law (p<0.05) and not significantly different from pre-law. Initial declines in use followed by longer term increases were observed for males and females, drivers younger than 60, and car and van drivers; use patterns varied among the four communities. Publicity declined after the law\u2019s implementation. No targeted enforcement efforts were evident. Cell phone citations issued during the first 15 months represented 2% of all traffic citations.<\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Vigorous enforcement campaigns accompanied by publicity appear necessary to achieve longer term compliance with bans on drivers\u2019 cell phone use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2003.003731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,3]],"date-time":"2004-02-03T11:48:12Z","timestamp":1075808892000},"page":"11-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Longer term effects of New York State\u2019s law on drivers\u2019 handheld cell phone use"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"A T","family":"McCartt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L L","family":"Geary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092604120994000_10.1.11.1","unstructured":"Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association. CITA\u00e2\u0080\u0099s semi-annual wireless industry survey results. June 1985-December 2002. Washington, DC. Available at: http:\/\/www.wow-com.com\/pdf\/CTIA_Survey_Yearend_2002.pdf (accessed 3 April 2003)."},{"key":"2025092604120994000_10.1.11.2","unstructured":"Royal D. National survey of distracted and drowsy driving attitudes and behaviors 2002. Volumes 1\u00e2\u0080\u00932. Report No DOT HS 809 566. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2003."},{"key":"2025092604120994000_10.1.11.3","unstructured":"Glassbrenner D. Cell phone use on the roads in 2002. Report No DOT HS-809-580. 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Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1981."}],"container-title":["Injury Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/ip.2003.003731","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T11:12:20Z","timestamp":1758885140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/ip.2003.003731"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/ip.2003.003731"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip.2003.003731","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-8047","1475-5785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-8047","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-5785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]}}}