{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:53:46Z","timestamp":1789880026989,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To determine the activities and circumstances proximal to a welding related occupational eye injury, a hybrid narrative coding approach derived from two well developed classification systems was developed to categorize and describe the activity, initiating process, mechanism of injury, object and\/or substance, and the use of protective eyewear from the narrative text data reported for each injury.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Routinely collected workers\u2019 compensation claims over a one year period (2000) were analyzed from a large US insurance provider. An index term search algorithm of occupation, incident, and injury description fields identified 2209 potential welding related eye injury claims. After detailed review of these claims, 1353 welders and 822 non-welders were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> During 2000, eye(s) as the primary injured body part accounted for 5% (n\u200a=\u200a26 413) of all compensation claims. Eye injuries accounted for 25% of all claims for welders. Subjects were mainly male (97.1%) and from manufacturing (70.4%), service (11.8%), or construction (8.4%) related industries. Most injuries were foreign body (71.7%) or burn (22.2%) and 17.6% were bilateral. Common activities include welding (31.9%) and\/or grinding (22.5%). Being struck by an airborne object occurred in 56.3% of cases. Non-welders showed similar patterns except that burns (43.8%) were more frequent and more often initiated by another worker (13.9%).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Narrative injury text provides valuable data to supplement traditional epidemiologic analyses. Workers performing welding tasks or working nearby welders should be trained to recognize potential hazards and the effective use of proper safety equipment to prevent ocular injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2004.007088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,2]],"date-time":"2005-06-02T19:20:24Z","timestamp":1117740024000},"page":"174-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Welding related occupational eye injuries: a narrative analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"D A","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Pannala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G S","family":"Sorock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Wellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T K","family":"Courtney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G S","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200006000-00004","volume":"42","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/104732299302288"},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.3","first-page":"775","volume":"16","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198912000-00014"},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.5","unstructured":"US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational outlook handbook, 2002\u00e2\u0080\u009303 edition, Bulletin 2540. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, 2002, Available at http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/oco\/ (accessed 16 June 2003)."},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)75911-2","volume":"92","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1998.220","volume":"12","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.8","first-page":"349","volume":"87","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.05.018"},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00055-0"},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williamson A, Feyer A-M, Stout N, et al. Use of narrative analysis for comparisons of the causes of fatal accidents in three countries: New Zealand, Australia, and the United States. Inj Prev 2001; (Suppl 1) :i15\u00e2\u0080\u009320.","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.7.suppl_1.i15"},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.9.2.184"},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2004.005181"},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.14","unstructured":"US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational injury and illness classification manual. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, 2002, Available at http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iif\/oshsec1.htm (accessed 19 January 2005)."},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.15","unstructured":"WHO Working Group on Injury Surveillance Methods. International classification of external causes of injuries (ICECI): Data Dictionary, version 1.1a. Adelaide: Consumer Safety Institute, Amsterdam and AIHW National Injury Surveillance Unit, 2003."},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Checkoway H, Pearce N, Kreibel D. Research methods in occupational epidemiology, 2nd edn. New York: Oxford University Press 2004:70\u00e2\u0080\u00932.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195092424.001.0001"},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.17","unstructured":"Harris PM. Nonfatal Occupational Injuries Involving the Eyes, 2002. Compensation and working conditions online, 6-30-2004. US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Available at http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/cwc (accessed 27 July 2004)."},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.18","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor. Washington DC, 2002. Available at http:\/\/stats.bls.gov\/iif\/home.htm (reference run date 07\/20\/03)."},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.19","first-page":"27","volume":"18","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.20","unstructured":"NIOSH National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA). Report on traumatic occupational injury research needs and priorities. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, 1998. DHHS (NIOSH) publication no 98\u00e2\u0080\u0093134."},{"key":"2025092503315607000_11.3.174.21","unstructured":"Weeks J, Levy B, Wagner G, eds. Preventing occupational disease and injury. 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