{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T08:10:37Z","timestamp":1778746237775,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> To investigate the rate of helmet use among motorcycle drivers in Hai Duong province of Vietnam during winter\/spring 2005, and to compare the rates of helmet use by road types.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Method:<\/jats:bold> Population-based observational surveys.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> 16 560 motorcyclists were observed across 37 road sites (incorporating 5 road categories). The overall weighted average of helmet use for motorcyclists was 29.94%, with male drivers more likely to wear helmets than female drivers (odds ratio (OR) 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53 to 1.76). Male pillion passengers were less likely to wear helmets than female pillion passengers (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.85). The number of adult drivers using helmets is larger as compared with that of young drivers (OR 8.56, 95% CI 5.93 to 12.19). The rates of helmet use were significantly higher (p&lt;0.001) on compulsory roads and were 59.01%, 39.97%, 24.22%, 12.7% and 9.54% for national, provincial, district, commune and Hai Duong inner-city roads, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Helmet legislation has increased the rate of helmet use by motorcycle drivers on compulsory roads. Elsewhere, rate of helmet use is very low, indicating that in the absence of legislation and enforcement, motorcyclists in Vietnam will not wear a helmet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2006.012724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,14]],"date-time":"2006-12-14T13:42:01Z","timestamp":1166103721000},"page":"409-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Prevalence of helmet use among motorcycle riders in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"D V","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M R","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R Q","family":"Ivers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. World report on road traffic prevention. WHO: Geneva, 2004."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.2","unstructured":"General Statistical Office. Vietnam statistical yearbook. Hanoi: Statistical Publishing House, 2004."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Vietnam\u2014environmental health country profile as of March 10, 2005. www.wpro.who.int (accessed 10 Oct 2006)."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.4","unstructured":"Le C Le, Pham CV, Linnan MJ, et al. Vietnam profile on traffic-related injury: facts and figures from recent studies and their implications for road traffic policy. Presented at the Road Traffic Injuries and Health Equity Conference, April 2002, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.5","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. Statistical year book 2002. Hanoi, Vietnam: Planning and Financing Department, Ministry of Health, 2003."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.6","unstructured":"Wilson D. The effectiveness of motorcycle helmets in preventing fatalities. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1989."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.7","unstructured":"Lui BIR, Norton R, Blows S, et al. Helmets for preventing injury in motorcycle riders. The Cochrane Library. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 2004."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00056-9"},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.9","unstructured":"Zhang J. Motorcycle helmet use and risk factors for helmet non-use among motorcyclists in China. Sydney: University of Sydney, 2004."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(01)00102-6"},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.11","unstructured":"Youngblood J. Nationwide survey of rider attitudes concerning safety helmet (U.S.). In: International Motorcycle Safety Conference Proceedings. Washington DC 1980;3:1435\u201365."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.5.4.264","volume":"5","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.13","unstructured":"Ministry of Transport. Guiding the compulsory wearing of helmet. Circular number 312\/2000\/TT-BGTVT dated 10 August 2000."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.14","unstructured":"Ministry of Transport. Guiding the compulsory wearing of helmet. Circular number 08\/2001\/TT-BGTVT dated 16 May 2001."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.15","unstructured":"Ministry of Transport. Guiding the compulsory wearing of helmet. Circular number 01\/2003\/TT-BGTVT dated 08 January 2003."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.16","unstructured":"Hai Duong People Committee. www.haiduong.gov.vn (accessed 10 Oct 2006)."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.17","unstructured":"Hai Duong\u2019s People Committee. Regulating routes for compulsory use of helmet. Decision number 3590\/QD-UB of the Provincial Committee dated 15 September 2004."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.18","unstructured":"Department of Transport. Classification of roads under management of Hai Duong\u2019s Provincial Department of Transport. Summary report 2004. Hai Duong: Department of Transport, 2004."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.19","first-page":"239","volume":"2","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Crash Prev Inj Control"},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.20","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. US uniform criteria for state observational survey of seatbelt use. In: 23 CRF Part 1340."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.21","unstructured":"Division of Urban Administration, Hai Duong City People Committee. Synthesized data report for building digital map of road system of Hai Duong city. Hai Duong: Division of Urban Administration, 2004."},{"key":"2025092606255902000_12.6.409.22","unstructured":"Feiss JL. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. 2nd edn. 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