{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:28:37Z","timestamp":1791415717232,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To characterize behavioral circumstances of bites to children by dogs presented to a veterinary behavior clinic.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective case series examining medical records of dogs presenting by referral to a university veterinary hospital for aggression and which had bitten a child <18 years old. Behavioral data included age of victim, familiarity with dog, and circumstances of bites.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Records of bites to 111 children were examined. Children <6 years old were most commonly bitten in association with resource guarding (44%), whereas older children were most commonly bitten in association with territory guarding (23%). Similarly, food guarding was the most common circumstance for bites to familiar children (42%) and territory guarding for bites to unfamiliar children (53%). Behavioral screening of the 103 dogs examined revealed resource guarding (61%) and discipline measures (59%) as the most common stimuli for aggression. Anxiety screens revealed abnormalities in 77% of dogs. Potential contributory medical conditions were identified\/suspected in 50% of dogs. When history before presentation was known, 66% of dogs had never previously bitten a child, and 19% had never bitten any human. Most dogs (93%) were neutered, and 66% of owners had taken their dogs to obedience training classes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Most children were bitten by dogs with no history of biting children. There is a high rate of behavioral abnormalities (aggression and anxiety) in this canine population. Common calming measures (neutering, training) were not routinely effective deterrents.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2007.015396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,12]],"date-time":"2007-10-12T15:18:06Z","timestamp":1192202286000},"page":"348-351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Behavioral assessment of child-directed canine aggression"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ilana R","family":"Reisner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances S","family":"Shofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L","family":"Nance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199402000-00008","article-title":"A behavioral analysis of dog bites to children.","volume":"15","author":"Mathews","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.93.6.913","article-title":"Which dogs bite? A case-control study of risk factors.","volume":"93","author":"Gershman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-002-1130-6","article-title":"Child victims of dog bites treated in emergency departments: a prospective survey.","volume":"162","author":"Kahn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.88.1.55","article-title":"Dog bites in urban children.","volume":"88","author":"Avner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.5","unstructured":"European College of Veterinary Behavioural Medicine. Companion animal. http:\/\/www.ecvbm.org\/ (accessed 20 Jul 2007)."},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.6","unstructured":"American College of Veterinary Behaviorists. http:\/\/www.DACVB.org\/ (accessed 20 Jul 2007)."},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(02)00132-8"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.8","first-page":"949","article-title":"Aggressive behavior in dogs and cats.","volume":"7","author":"Borchelt","year":"1985","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(02)00103-1"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.10","unstructured":"Mertens PA . Canine aggression. In: Horwitz D Mills D Heath S , eds. BSAVA Manual of canine and feline behavioural medicine. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2002:195\u2013215."},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.954"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.12","first-page":"712","article-title":"Will breed-specific legislation reduce dog bites?","volume":"37","author":"Bandow","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.13","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of dog bites.","volume":"63","author":"Presutti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.1594"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(01)00155-1"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1177\/000313489906500911","article-title":"Dog bite injuries in children: a preliminary survey.","volume":"65","author":"Gandhi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.17","first-page":"252","article-title":"Dog and cat bites: epidemiologic analyses suggest different treatment strategies.","volume":"113","author":"Patrick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-200206000-00024"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1982.03970390016003"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.152.10.1035"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.69.1.119","article-title":"Dog bites in children less than 4 years old.","volume":"69","author":"Chun","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025092506234212000_13.5.348.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430110079032"}],"container-title":["Injury Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/ip.2007.015396","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T13:23:52Z","timestamp":1758806632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/ip.2007.015396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/ip.2007.015396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip.2007.015396","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-8047","1475-5785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-8047","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-5785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}}}