{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T09:31:07Z","timestamp":1784107867294,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: Speed at the time of a bicycle crash is an important determinant of the amount of energy transmitted. Controlling for speed is thus important in the evaluation of outcomes and effectiveness of intervention strategies. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of self reported speed in a population of recreational cyclists. METHODS: Children's and adults' bicycle speeds were measured with a radar gun as they rode along a closed road at weekend recreational events. Cyclists were then stopped and asked to estimate their speed. Measured speed, cyclist's estimate of their speed, age, and sex were documented. Parents were also asked to estimate their child's speed. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty two cyclists from 4 to 80 years of age participated. Seventy per cent were children 13 years of age or younger. The mean (SD) speed of this group was 8.9 (2.5) mph. Cyclists age 14 and older were traveling at a mean speed of 9.7 (2.87) mph. Estimated speeds were significantly higher than measured speeds for this older group, but there was no significant difference between mean measured and estimated speeds for the younger riders. There was also no significant difference between measured and estimated speed for males and females. Parents estimated their child's speed quite accurately. CONCLUSIONS: Self reported speeds for children were in close agreement with measured speeds and, thus, are sufficiently accurate to be a useful measure of crash severity in evaluating helmet effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.3.1.43","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,4]],"date-time":"2008-10-04T14:27:03Z","timestamp":1223130423000},"page":"43-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Bike speed measurements in a recreational population: validity of self reported speed."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"D. C.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Rebolledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. S.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. P.","family":"Rivara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)00039-O","article-title":"Influencing factors on the injury severity of restrained front seat occupants in car-to-headon collisions","volume":"2","author":"Miltner, E.; Salwender, H.J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Miltner E, Salwender HJ. Influencing factors on the injury severity of restrained front seat occupants in car-to-headon collisions. Accid Anal Prev 1995; 2: 143-50.","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1361","article-title":"A case-control study of the effectiveness of bicycle safety helmets","volume":"320","author":"Thompson, R.S.; Rivara, F.P.; Thompson, D.C.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Thompson RS, Rivara FP, Thompson DC. A case-control study of the effectiveness of bicycle safety helmets. N Engl 3'Med 1989; 320: 1361-7."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"173","article-title":"Effectiveness of bicycle helmets in preventing head injury in children: case-control study","volume":"380","author":"Thomas, S.; Acton, C.; Nixon, J.; Battistutta, D.; Pitt, W.R.; Clark, R.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Thomas S, Acton C, Nixon J, Battistutta D, Pitt WR, Clark R. Effectiveness of bicycle helmets in preventing head injury in children: case-control study. BMJ 1994; 380: 173-6.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6943.1537","article-title":"Injury patterns in cyclists attending an accident and emergency department: a comparison of helmet wearers and nonwearers","volume":"308","author":"Mamaris, C.; Summers, C.L.; Browing, C.; Palmer, C.R.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mamaris C, Summers CL, Browing C, Palmer CR. Injury patterns in cyclists attending an accident and emergency department: a comparison of helmet wearers and nonwearers. BMJ 1994; 308: 1537-40.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199306000-00015","article-title":"The effectiveness of bicyclist helmets: a study of 1710 casualties","volume":"34","author":"McDermott, F.T.; Lane, J.C.; Brazenor, G.A.; Debney, E.A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"McDermott FT, Lane JC, Brazenor GA, Debney EA. The effectiveness of bicyclist helmets: a study of 1710 casualties. J Trauma 1993; 34: 834-45.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199111000-00008","article-title":"A prospective analysis of injury severity among helmeted and nonhelmeted bicyclists involved in collisions with motor vehicles","volume":"31","author":"Spaite, D.W.; Murphy, M.; Criss, E.A.; Valenzuela, T.D.; Meislin, H.W.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Spaite DW, Murphy M, Criss EA, Valenzuela TD, Meislin HW. A prospective analysis of injury severity among helmeted and nonhelmeted bicyclists involved in collisions with motor vehicles. J Trauma 1991; 31: 1510 - 6.","journal-title":"J Trauma"}],"container-title":["Injury Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/ip.3.1.43","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T12:49:19Z","timestamp":1758890959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/ip.3.1.43"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/ip.3.1.43"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip.3.1.43","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-8047","1475-5785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-8047","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-5785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]}}}