{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:41:28Z","timestamp":1790689288356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Objectives<\/jats:italic>\u2014Strong evidence based on case record reviews indicates that the incidence of child homicide reported from death certificates is under ascertained. The characteristics of infant injury fatalities with undetermined, but suspicious, intent were compared for the probability that they should be considered homicides.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\u2014Using linked birth and death certificates for all birth cohorts in the US from 1983\u201391, 2345 injury fatalities reported as intentional, 7594 as unintentional, and 431 as undetermined intent were identified. Maternal and infant variables potentially predictive of injury fatalities were selected based on increased bivariate associations. Relative risks of injury death by intentional, unintentional, and undetermined intent were assessed for maternal and infant characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\u2014Relative risks were consistently higher across all intent categories for infants of mothers with the least education, no prenatal care, young maternal age, and single marital status, as well as for infants who are second or later born, preterm, black, or American Indian. Fatalities with undetermined intent have larger relative risks in the highest risk categories than either intentional or unintentional injuries. Deaths with undetermined intent have risk profiles that more closely resemble profiles for intentional deaths than unintentional.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\u2014Injury homicide rates would be almost 20% greater than official classifications indicate if deaths with undetermined intent were included. In analyses of infant homicide, excluding deaths of undetermined intent may lead to an underestimation of the magnitude of the public health problem of intentional injuries among infants. Other studies based on record reviews from multiple sources indicate that misclassification and under ascertainment of homicides may be even greater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.5.4.272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,31]],"date-time":"2008-12-31T18:59:59Z","timestamp":1230749999000},"page":"272-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Infant injury deaths with unknown intent: what else do we know?: \n            Table 1"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mary D","family":"Overpeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth A","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann C","family":"Trumble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon S","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian F","family":"MacDorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz W","family":"Berendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.1","unstructured":"Peters KD, Kochanek KD, Murphy SL. Deaths: United States, final data for 1996. National vital statistics report. Vol 47, No 9. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1998."},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.5.968"},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810223391706"},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.4","unstructured":"Rosenberg HM, Kochanek KD. The death certificate as a source of injury data. Proceedings of the international collaborative effort on injury statistics. Vol I. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1995. (DHHS Publication (PHS) 95\u20131252:8:1\u201317.)"},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.5","unstructured":"Fingerhut LA, Cox CS, Warner M. International comparative analysis of injury mortality: findings from the ICE on injury statistics. Advance data number 303. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1998: 10."},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(83)90023-6"},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.2.338","volume":"91","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.8","first-page":"876","volume":"139","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.73.2.195","volume":"73","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.10","first-page":"330","volume":"91","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170350079014"},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1994.02170100019005"},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.13","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. Linked birth\/infant death data set: public use data file documentation for 1983 to 1991. Hyattsville, MD: US Public Health Service, 1988\u201395."},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.14","unstructured":"World Health Organization. World health classification: manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death. 9th revision. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1977."},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480230064029"},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.75.1.56","volume":"75","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(92)90003-A"},{"key":"2025092504172080000_5.4.272.18","unstructured":"Sedlak AJ, Broadhurt DD. Third national incidence study of child abuse and neglect: final report. Washington, DC: Administration on Children, Youth and Families. September 1996: 8\u20139."}],"container-title":["Injury Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/ip.5.4.272","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T11:17:31Z","timestamp":1758799051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/ip.5.4.272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/ip.5.4.272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip.5.4.272","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-8047","1475-5785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-8047","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-5785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}}}