{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:59:30Z","timestamp":1790042370886,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:italic>\u2014Mandatory helmet legislation for cyclists is the subject of much debate. Opponents of helmet legislation suggest that making riders wear helmets will reduce ridership, thus having a negative overall impact on health. Mandatory bicycle helmet legislation for children was introduced in Ontario, Canada in October 1995. The objective of our study was to examine trends in children's cycling rates before and after helmet legislation in one health district.<\/jats:p>\n \n Setting<\/jats:italic>\u2014Child cyclists were observed at 111 preselected sites (schools, parks, residential streets, and major intersections) in the late spring and summer of 1993\u201397 and in 1999, in a defined urban community.<\/jats:p>\n \n Participants<\/jats:italic>\u2014Trained observers counted the number of child cyclists. The number of children observed in each area was divided by the number of observation hours, resulting in the calculation of cyclists per hour.<\/jats:p>\n \n Main outcome measure<\/jats:italic>\u2014A general linear model, using Tukey's method, compared the mean number of cyclists per hour for each year, and for each type of site.<\/jats:p>\n \n Results<\/jats:italic>\u2014Although the number of child cyclists per hour was significantly different in different years, these differences could not be attributed to legislation. In 1996, the year after legislation came into effect, average cycling levels were higher (6.84 cyclists per hour) than in 1995, the year before legislation (4.33 cyclists per hour).<\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\u2014Contrary to the findings in Australia, the introduction of helmet legislation did not have a significant negative impact on child cycling in this community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.7.3.228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T15:53:59Z","timestamp":1033487639000},"page":"228-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Mandatory helmet legislation and children's exposure to cycling"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"A K","family":"Macpherson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P C","family":"Parkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T M","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.1","unstructured":"Canadian Institute for Health Information. Trauma registry. Toronto: CIHI, 1997."},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.2","first-page":"567","volume":"93","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198905253202101"},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.9.1220","volume":"78","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199111000-00008","volume":"31","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199306000-00015","volume":"34","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6922.173"},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90006-X"},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.4.772","volume":"91","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.10","first-page":"203","volume":"3","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ambulatory Child Health"},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.5.667","volume":"83","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1997.02170380063010"},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.13","first-page":"1505","volume":"318","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(96)00016-4"},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.15","unstructured":"Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Muller KE, et al. Applied regression analysis and other multivariable. 3rd Ed. Pacific Grove: Duxbury Press, 1998."},{"key":"2025092606444807000_7.3.228.16","unstructured":"SAS Institute Inc. SAS system version 8. SAS Institute Inc: Cary, North Carolina, 1999."}],"container-title":["Injury Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/ip.7.3.228","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T13:44:55Z","timestamp":1758894295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/ip.7.3.228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/ip.7.3.228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip.7.3.228","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-8047","1475-5785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-8047","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-5785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]}}}