{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:08:25Z","timestamp":1791648505515,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pathologists currently follow the \u2018Kennedy guidelines\u2019 when performing autopsies for sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI); these include extensive histological sampling. This study establishes the frequency with which histological examination of visceral organs determines cause of death and examines associations between clinical, macroscopic and microscopic findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective review of 546 SUDI autopsies performed for a 10-year period (1996\u20132005) at a single centre. The proportion of cases in which non-neuropathological histological examination directly determined the cause of death was identified, and clinical, macroscopic and histological findings at autopsy were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 510 SUDIs included, 166 cases were explained SUDI, and of these, 54% (89\/166) were identified solely on microscopic examination, based on histology of the lungs in 71 (43%), heart in 13 (8%), liver in 4 (2%) and kidneys in 1 (&lt;1%). The proportions of macroscopically normal organs with significant histological findings were 26% lungs, 2% heart and 1% each of liver and kidneys, but none of spleen, thymus, pancreas or adrenals. Macroscopically abnormal organs were more likely to yield significant histological features. Symptoms preceding death were more common in cases with significant histological findings in lungs, heart, liver and adrenals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A non-neuropathological cause of death in explained SUDI can be established from histological examination of lungs, heart, liver and kidneys. Significant histological abnormalities may be detected in selected organs with macroscopically normal appearances. Routine histological sampling of other organs in the absence of specific clinical history or macroscopic abnormalities has a low yield for establishing cause of death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2011-200224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,30]],"date-time":"2011-09-30T22:42:42Z","timestamp":1317422562000},"page":"58-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Histological examination in sudden unexpected death in infancy: evidence base for histological sampling"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"M A","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J W","family":"Pryce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M T","family":"Ashworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N J","family":"Sebire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121400495008000_65.1.58.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.136739"},{"key":"2025121400495008000_65.1.58.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.234"},{"key":"2025121400495008000_65.1.58.3","unstructured":"Kennedy H . Sudden unexpected death in infancy. A multi-agency protocol for care and investigation. The report of a working group convened by The Royal College of Pathologists and The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. London: The Royal College of Pathologists\/The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2004."},{"key":"2025121400495008000_65.1.58.4","unstructured":"Coroners Rules 1984, SI 1984 No. 552. http:\/\/www.kcl.ac.uk\/depsta\/law\/ research\/coroners\/1984rules.html (accessed 26 May 2011)."},{"key":"2025121400495008000_65.1.58.5","unstructured":"The Coroners (Amendment) Rules 2005. http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/uksi\/2005\/420\/contents\/made (accessed 26 May 2011)."},{"key":"2025121400495008000_65.1.58.6","unstructured":"Report of the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD). The Coroner's Autopsy. Do we deserve better? 2006. http:\/\/www.ncepod.org.uk\/2006Report\/Downloads\/Coronial%20Autopsy%20Report%202006.pdf(accessed 26 May 2011)."},{"key":"2025121400495008000_65.1.58.7","unstructured":"Fleming P Blair P Bacon C , eds. Sudden Unexpected Deaths in Infancy. The CESDI SUDI Studies 1993\u20131996. London: The Stationary Office, 2000."},{"key":"2025121400495008000_65.1.58.8","unstructured":"Human Tissue Act 2004. http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2004\/ 30\/contents (accessed 26 May 2011)."},{"key":"2025121400495008000_65.1.58.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.05.028"},{"key":"2025121400495008000_65.1.58.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.584532"},{"key":"2025121400495008000_65.1.58.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/rsmmsl.47.4.293"},{"key":"2025121400495008000_65.1.58.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/rsmmsl.48.4.354"},{"key":"2025121400495008000_65.1.58.13","first-page":"870","article-title":"Pancreatic islet abnormalities in sudden infant death syndrome. 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