{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T18:33:04Z","timestamp":1773167584924,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The developmental mechanisms of breast neuroendocrine carcinoma (B-NEC) have not been sufficiently analysed and are not well understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate NE cells in the background tissues surrounding B-NECs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three cases (four breasts) having many NE cells in the background tissues of multifocal B-NECs were identified at the University of Yamanashi Hospital and St Luke's International Hospital, Japan. These patients were, respectively, 28-, 31- and 38-year-old women with no familial history of NE tumour. The totally-resected breasts were serially studied by immunohistochemistry for specific NE markers (chromogranin A\/synaptophysin) and the morphologies and\/or localisation of NE cells were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunohistochemical examination showed extensively-distributed NE cells in the background mammary ducts\/lobules of the NECs in all breasts. These NE cells were classifiable into three emerging patterns: isolated\/scattered, clustered and circumferential. Their distributions were intermingled and were not clearly related to B-NEC foci. NE cells were morphologically polygonal, oval or columnar with sometimes eosinophilic and\/or fine-granular cytoplasm and round-to-ovoid nuclei lacking atypia. Some cells were located between epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Apical snouts were occasionally observed in NE cells forming luminal structures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Benign-appearing NE cells in the parenchyma of a breast with NEC could be regarded as hyperplastic from their emerging patterns and distribution; this NE cell hyperplasia may be associated with the histogenesis of B-NEC as a precancerous condition. These observations might raise questions about the treatment for B-NEC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2012-200765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]],"date-time":"2012-05-03T23:35:16Z","timestamp":1336088116000},"page":"699-703","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Neuroendocrine cells associated with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast: nature and significance"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunio","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideko","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Breast Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3First Department of Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Oishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadao","family":"Nakazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsu","family":"Yamane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihito","family":"Koshimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Breast Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Breast Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3First Department of Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3First Department of Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3First Department of Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3First Department of Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryohei","family":"Katoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112109200541000_65.8.699.1","unstructured":"Ellis IO Schnitt SJ Sastre-Garau X . 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