{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T07:00:23Z","timestamp":1765695623574,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mutation or promoter methylation of the phosphatase tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 tumour suppressor gene (\n                      <jats:italic>PTEN<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) promotes some cancers. Moreover,\n                      <jats:italic>PTENP1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>PTEN<\/jats:italic>\n                      pseudogene) transcript regulates PTEN expression and is thought to be associated with tumourigenesis in some cancers. Here, we investigated PTEN expression in thymic epithelium and thymic epithelial tumours.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Immunohistochemical analysis of PTEN was performed on two non-tumourous thymus (NT) samples, 33 thymomas (three type A, eight type AB, 11 type B1, six type B2, and five type B3), and four thymic carcinomas (TCs). In 16 cases (two NT, three A, five B1, two B2, one B3 and three TC), analyses of mutations, promoter methylation and comparisons of\n                      <jats:italic>PTEN<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA and\n                      <jats:italic>PTENP1<\/jats:italic>\n                      transcripts were undertaken using PCR-direct sequencing, methylation-specific PCR, and reverse-transcription real-time PCR after target cell collection with laser microdissection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PTEN protein was not immunohistochemically detected in NT epithelium or types B1 or B2 thymoma cells, but was expressed in type A thymoma and carcinoma cells. Neither\n                      <jats:italic>PTEN<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations nor promoter methylation were detected in any samples. Statistical analysis revealed that\n                      <jats:italic>PTEN<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA expression was highest in NT epithelium and lowest in type A thymoma cells.\n                      <jats:italic>PTENP1<\/jats:italic>\n                      transcript expression did not significantly differ among NT, thymoma and TC samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We speculated that NT epithelium and types B1\/B2 thymoma cells have a mechanism of\n                      <jats:italic>PTEN<\/jats:italic>\n                      translation repression and\/or acceleration of protein degradation, whereas type A thymoma cells exhibit transcriptional repression of\n                      <jats:italic>PTEN<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA and accelerated translation and\/or protein accumulation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2016-204220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T21:21:47Z","timestamp":1485292907000},"page":"690-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Expression of\n                    <i>PTEN<\/i>\n                    and its pseudogene\n                    <i>PTENP1<\/i>\n                    , and promoter methylation of\n                    <i>PTEN<\/i>\n                    in non-tumourous thymus and thymic tumours"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Masunaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mutsuko","family":"Omatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinicodiagnostic Pathology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Kunimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinicodiagnostic Pathology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shugo","family":"Uematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshito","family":"Kamio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Kitami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Miyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Pathology & Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenzo","family":"Hiroshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121322583379000_70.8.690.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.13.2375","article-title":"Tumor suppressor PTEN: modulation of cell signaling, growth, migration and apoptosis","volume":"114","author":"Yamada","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2025121322583379000_70.8.690.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092311"},{"key":"2025121322583379000_70.8.690.3","first-page":"4736","article-title":"PTEN\/MMAC1 mutation in endometrial cancers","volume":"57","author":"Risinger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025121322583379000_70.8.690.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1201956"},{"key":"2025121322583379000_70.8.690.5","first-page":"1178","article-title":"Lack of PTEN expression in non-small cell lung cancer could 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