{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:40:26Z","timestamp":1790797226551,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To identify the presence and geographical distribution of mast cell (MC) subtypes: MC<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> (tryptase positive\u2013chymase negative) and MC<jats:sub>TC<\/jats:sub> (tryptase positive\u2013chymase positive) in bladder tissue.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bladder tissue was obtained from patients with painful bladder syndrome\/interstitial cystitis (n=14) and normal histology from University Hospital Southampton tissue bank. Sequential tissue slices were immunohistochemically stained for MC subtypes using anti-MC tryptase (for MC<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> and MC<jats:sub>TC<\/jats:sub>) and anti-MC chymase (for MC<jats:sub>TC<\/jats:sub>). Stained sections were photographed, and positively stained MCs were quantified using ImageJ. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and individual paired t-tests.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was a significant difference in the density of MCs between each layer of the disease bladder, with the greatest accumulation within the detrusor (p&lt;0.001). There was a significant increase in MC<jats:sub>TC<\/jats:sub> subtype in the lamina (p=0.009) in painful bladder syndrome\/interstitial cystitis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our results suggest that mastocytosis is present within all layers of disease bladder, especially the muscle layer. The varying increase in MC subtypes in the lamina and mucosa may explain the variability in painful bladder syndrome\/interstitial cystitis symptoms. A high influx of MC<jats:sub>TC<\/jats:sub> in the mucosa of individuals who also had ulceration noted within their diagnostic notes may be of the Hunner\u2019s ulcer subclassification. These findings suggest a relationship between the pathogenesis of MC subtypes and the clinical presentation of painful bladder syndrome\/interstitial cystitis. A cohort study would further elucidate the diagnostic and\/or therapeutic potential of MCs in patients with painful bladder syndrome\/interstitial cystitis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2017-204881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T16:28:54Z","timestamp":1526401734000},"page":"840-844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Distribution of mast cell subtypes in interstitial cystitis: implications for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Shabana T","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian R","family":"Birch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Voegeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandy","family":"Fader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vipul","family":"Foria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan J","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew F","family":"Walls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5748-4892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bashir A","family":"Lwaleed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092504252796000_71.9.840.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eursup.2011.06.001","article-title":"Glycosaminoglycan Therapy for Bladder Diseases: Emerging New Treatments","volume":"10","author":"Bassi","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Urology Supplements"},{"key":"2025092504252796000_71.9.840.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-11-078097"},{"key":"2025092504252796000_71.9.840.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.08.1109"},{"key":"2025092504252796000_71.9.840.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09843.x"},{"key":"2025092504252796000_71.9.840.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-199907000-00073"},{"key":"2025092504252796000_71.9.840.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.07.049"},{"key":"2025092504252796000_71.9.840.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01605152"},{"key":"2025092504252796000_71.9.840.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1995.tb07384.x"},{"key":"2025092504252796000_71.9.840.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2009.12.006"},{"key":"2025092504252796000_71.9.840.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Theoharides TC , Alysandratos KD , Angelidou A , et al . 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