{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:11:02Z","timestamp":1782346262838,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intrathyroidal ectopic thymus (ITET) is a rare cause of paediatric thyroid nodules. Although ultrasonography of ITET demonstrates a characteristic appearance similar to that of normal thymus, accurate differentiation from other thyroid nodule etiologies by ultrasonography is difficult, and so that fine needle aspiration (FNA) is usually performed for further analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of flow cytometry (FCM) in confirming the diagnosis of ITET in thyroid FNA samples.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Five cases of ITET were retrieved from our thyroid FNA database within a 3-year period. Their clinical information, ultrasonographic features, cytology and FCM findings were retrospectively reviewed. The FCM results were compared with those of 22 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia\/lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL\/LBL) cases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The FNA smears of all five ITET cases demonstrated abundant lymphocytes of variable sizes, which included some immature lymphoid cells. No Hassall\u2019s bodies or atypical epithelioid cells were recognised. By multicolour FCM analysis including antibodies against CD1a, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD10, CD34, TDT and TCR, all ITET cases showed antigen expression patterns consistent with normal thymocyte maturation. All T-ALL\/LBL cases exhibited significant immunophenotypic aberrancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The diagnosis of ITET based on FNA cytology is often inconclusive. The presence of immature lymphocytes often raises the concern for LBL. FCM with adequate antigen coverage can reliably distinguish ITET from T-ALL\/LBL and make the diagnosis of ITET in FNA samples. Avoiding unnecessary further invasive procedures, providing reassurance to clinician and patient, the accurate diagnosis of ITET by FCM in FNA samples is clinically important.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2018-205424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T12:26:51Z","timestamp":1541075211000},"page":"145-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Diagnosis of intrathyroidal ectopic thymus in thyroid fine needle aspiration samples"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Weijie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Dim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorien","family":"Paulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Rivard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092503232177000_72.2.145.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.087320"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"2025092503232177000_72.2.145.2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Inclusions in the human thyroid","volume":"122","author":"Carpenter","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"2025092503232177000_72.2.145.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0367","article-title":"Prevalence of ectopic intrathyroidal thymus in Japan: the Fukushima health management survey","volume":"25","author":"Fukushima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2025092503232177000_72.2.145.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.15.14.10041"},{"key":"2025092503232177000_72.2.145.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP13136.CR"},{"key":"2025092503232177000_72.2.145.6","unstructured":"Wood BL , Cherian Borowitz S S . The flow cytometric evaluation of hematopoietic neoplasia. In: McPherson RA , Pincus MR , eds. Henry's clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. edn. St. Louis, USA: Elsevier, 2017: 659\u201379."},{"key":"2025092503232177000_72.2.145.7","first-page":"S19","article-title":"Role of flow cytometry in pediatric hematopathology","volume":"122 Suppl","author":"Kroft","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2025092503232177000_72.2.145.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V79.3.666.666","article-title":"Flow cytometric assessment of human T-cell differentiation in thymus and bone marrow","volume":"79","author":"Terstappen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025092503232177000_72.2.145.9","first-page":"47","volume-title":"T-cell development. 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