{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T15:18:07Z","timestamp":1776784687018,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08-CA218460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08-CA218460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA217994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA217994"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Peripheral T cell lymphomas represent approximately 10%\u201315% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas and are characterised by an aggressive clinical courses and poor outcomes. Ligands provided by constituents of the tumour microenvironment engage receptors expressed by malignant T cells, promoting tumour growth and chemotherapy resistance. In addition to stimulatory receptors that promote the growth and survival of malignant T cells, recent studies suggest that homologous inhibitory receptors may have an opposing effect and function as tumour suppressors. For example, recent data suggest that programmed cell death 1 blockade may lead to increased lymphoma growth. Therefore, the identification of alternative checkpoint receptors in T cell lymphoproliferative neoplasms is an important and clinically relevant question.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The checkpoint receptors T cell immunoglobulin-3 (TIM-3), V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) play fundamental roles in peripheral tolerance, and their ligands are exploited by many solid tumours to evade host immunity. However, their expression in T cell lymphoproliferative neoplasms has not been evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the expression of TIM-3, VISTA and LAG-3 in a cohort of peripheral T cell lymphomas cases by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our results demonstrate that TIM-3, VISTA and LAG-3 expression is rarely identified within a large cohort of T cell lymphomas and its tumour microenvironment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data suggest that immune-regulatory roles for TIM-3, VISTA and LAG-3 may be predominant in lymphomas subsets different than the ones analysed in the current study. However, a potential role for these checkpoint receptors as tumour suppressors in T cell lymphomas remains to be elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2019-206117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T17:22:04Z","timestamp":1572542524000},"page":"197-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Expression of the checkpoint receptors LAG-3, TIM-3 and VISTA in peripheral T cell lymphomas"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2238-5066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos A","family":"Murga-Zamalloa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noah A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan A.","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092510175433000_73.4.197.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24203"},{"key":"2025092510175433000_73.4.197.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2016.11.002","article-title":"A new molecular paradigm in mycosis fungoides and S\u00e9zary syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Elenitoba-Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"2025092510175433000_73.4.197.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1996"},{"key":"2025092510175433000_73.4.197.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-05-220111"},{"key":"2025092510175433000_73.4.197.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-12-544809"},{"key":"2025092510175433000_73.4.197.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.357"},{"key":"2025092510175433000_73.4.197.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.01.001"},{"key":"2025092510175433000_73.4.197.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20182395"},{"key":"2025092510175433000_73.4.197.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-04-216671"},{"key":"2025092510175433000_73.4.197.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.200"},{"key":"2025092510175433000_73.4.197.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21960"},{"key":"2025092510175433000_73.4.197.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-17-0270"},{"key":"2025092510175433000_73.4.197.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phillips T , Devata S , Wilcox RA . 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