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These variants confer increased protection against trypanosome infection, and subsequent African sleeping sickness, and also increase the likelihood of renal disease in individuals of African ancestry. <jats:italic>APOL1<\/jats:italic> mutations are associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease, inflammation, and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus-associated renal dysfunction. This review serves to outline the structure and function of APOL1, as well as its role in several disease outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-206517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T18:12:29Z","timestamp":1589393549000},"page":"441-443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gene of the month: <i>APOL1<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8161-5458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanel","family":"Raghubeer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology\u2014Bellville Campus, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahir S","family":"Pillay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Pretoria Faculty of 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