{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T20:27:41Z","timestamp":1773520061454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan","award":["18H02629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18H02629"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cathepsins are proteases that regulate a wide range of physiological processes, including protein turnover, cell signalling and antigen presentation. Recent studies have shown that cathepsins are highly upregulated in many types of tumours. Of the 15 cathepsins in humans, cathepsins V and S are abundantly expressed in the thymus, and we previously showed that the immunostaining of these cathepsins could serve as diagnostic markers for thymic epithelial tumours. However, little is known about the expression of other cathepsins in thymic epithelial tumours. To determine the diagnostic implications of cathepsins, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of cathepsin B (CTB), cathepsin D (CTD) and cathepsin K (CTK), all of which have been reported to correlate with the progression of squamous cell carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between cathepsin expression and clinicopathological features was evaluated in 122 cases of thymoma and thymic carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CTB and CTD were frequently expressed in type A and type AB thymomas. In contrast, CTB and CTD were significantly less common in type B thymomas than in type A or AB thymomas. In type AB thymomas, the expression of CTB correlated with histological features, and was found predominantly in the type A component. Notably, CTK was expressed most commonly in thymic carcinomas, and patients who died of the disease showed increased expression of CTK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The expression of CTB and CTD correlated with the histological subtype of thymoma. In addition, the expression of CTK appears to be useful for the diagnosis of thymic carcinomas and as a prognostic marker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-206551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T17:24:42Z","timestamp":1590686682000},"page":"84-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Expression of cathepsins B, D and K in thymic epithelial tumours"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Naoko","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"},{"name":"Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7929-9874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Utano","family":"Tomaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Kiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Ishizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cause of Death Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuji","family":"Marukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Science, School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Matsuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanobu","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Kasahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2011.10.002"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81025-9"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-018-1095-x"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1949"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc4027"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152165"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-12-125"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2011.04013.x"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4315-8"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070925"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.11","unstructured":"Travis WD , Brambilla E , Burke AP , et al . Who classification of tumors of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart. IARC Press: Lyon, 2015."},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000654"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000297"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90336-0"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42918"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2187"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2016.09.027"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2013-201930"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182237f5d"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/106.4.483"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.21","first-page":"268","article-title":"Cd5 expression in thymic carcinoma","volume":"145","author":"Hishima","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2009.105"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2015.10.005"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-013-0234-1"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2004.132"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16677"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2018.05.023"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201300105"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568009616666161229145115"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)42227-7","article-title":"Molecular cloning of a possible cysteine proteinase predominantly expressed in osteoclasts","volume":"269","author":"Tezuka","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.48.32347"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.2.222"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.33","first-page":"5386","article-title":"The osteoclast-associated protease cathepsin K is expressed in human breast carcinoma","volume":"57","author":"Littlewood-Evans","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.07.005"},{"key":"2025120520262494000_74.2.84.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(04)00111-4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-206551","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T04:26:32Z","timestamp":1764995192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-206551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-206551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-206551","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]}}}