{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:49:03Z","timestamp":1793303343841,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000972","name":"Australian Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AIDOAA-A-11-00031, SPRING"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIDOAA-A-11-00031, SPRING"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We explore factors such as the blood sampling site (capillary vs venous), the equipment (HemoCue vs automated haematology analyser) and the model of the HemoCue device (201+ vs 301) that may impact haemoglobin measurements in capillary and venous blood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven studies were identified, and bias, concordance and measures of diagnostic performance were assessed within each study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analysis included 11 studies from seven countries (Cambodia, India, The Gambia, Ghana, Laos, Rwanda and USA). Samples came from children, men, non-pregnant women and pregnant women. Mean bias ranged from \u22128.7 to 2.5 g\/L in Cambodian women, 6.2\u2009g\/L in Laotian children, 2.4\u2009g\/L in Ghanaian women, 0.8\u2009g\/L in Gambian children 6\u201323 months and 1.4\u2009g\/L in Rwandan children 6\u201359 months when comparing capillary blood on a HemoCue to venous blood on a haematology analyser. Bias was 8.3\u2009g\/L in Indian non-pregnant women and 2.6\u2009g\/L in Laotian children and women and 1.5\u2009g\/L in the US population when comparing capillary to venous blood using a HemoCue. For venous blood measured on the HemoCue compared with the automated haematology analyser, bias was 5.3\u2009g\/L in Gambian pregnant women 18\u201345 years and 11.3\u2009g\/L in Laotian children 6\u201359 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analysis found large variability in haemoglobin concentration measured on capillary or venous blood and using HemoCue Hb 201+ or\u2009Hb 301 or automated haematology analyser. We cannot ascertain whether the variation is due to differences in the equipment, differences in capillary and venous blood, or factors affecting blood collection techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-206717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T17:25:36Z","timestamp":1602005136000},"page":"657-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Variability in haemoglobin concentration by measurement tool and blood source: an analysis from seven countries"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2527-7909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aviva I","family":"Rappaport","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Strengthening Partnerships, Results, and Innovations in Nutrition Globally (SPRING), Arlington, Virginia, USA"},{"name":"School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal D","family":"Karakochuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja Y","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph D","family":"Whitehead, Jr.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorrel M L","family":"Namaste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Program, ICF, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Dary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Agency for International Development (USAID), Bureau of Global Health, Office of Maternal Child Health and Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan E","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal, Newborn, Child Health and Nutrition, PATH, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynnette M","family":"Neufeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila M","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Wegmuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GroundWork, Fl\u00e4sch, Switzerland"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Keneba, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denish","family":"Moorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USAID Advancing Nutrition, John Snow Inc. 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