{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:22:30Z","timestamp":1789683750592,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618790400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The effectiveness of targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depends on the accurate determination of the genomic status of the tumour. For this reason, molecular analyses to detect genetic rearrangements in some genes (ie,\n                    <jats:italic>ALK<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ROS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>RET and NTRK<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) have become standard in patients with advanced disease. Since immunohistochemistry is easier to implement and interpret, it is normally used as the screening procedure, while fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) is used to confirm the rearrangement and decide on ambiguous immunostainings. Although FISH is considered the most sensitive method for the detection of\n                    <jats:italic>ALK<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ROS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    rearrangements, the interpretation of results requires detailed guidelines. In this review, we discuss the various technologies available to evaluate\n                    <jats:italic>ALK<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ROS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomic rearrangements using these techniques. Other techniques such as real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing have been developed recently to evaluate\n                    <jats:italic>ALK<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ROS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene rearrangements, but some limitations prevent their full implementation in the clinical setting. Similarly, liquid biopsies have the potential to change the treatment of patients with advanced lung cancer, but further research is required before this technology can be applied in routine clinical practice. We discuss the technical requirements of laboratories in the light of quality assurance programmes. Finally, we review the recent updates made to the guidelines for the determination of molecular biomarkers in patients with NSCLC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2021-207490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T15:00:42Z","timestamp":1618844442000},"page":"145-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Molecular diagnosis in non-small-cell lung cancer: expert opinion on\n                    <i>ALK<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>ROS1<\/i>\n                    testing"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0914-0988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Conde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Therapeutic Targets & CIBERONC, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Valdecilla IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Enguita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Cl\u00ednica Dermatol\u00f3gica Internacional, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihab","family":"Abdulkader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital \u00c1lvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Manche\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Comunidad Valenciana, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Salido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Salido-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Canarias, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"de \u00c1lava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112110224854000_75.3.145.1","unstructured":"IASLC Atlas of ALK-ROS1 Testing in Lung Cancer by IASLC - issuu. 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