{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T21:26:41Z","timestamp":1785792401347,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>STK11<\/jats:italic>\n                    encodes for the protein liver kinase B1, a serine\/threonine kinase which is involved in a number of physiological processes including regulation of cellular metabolism, cell polarity and the DNA damage response. It acts as a tumour suppressor via multiple mechanisms, most classically through AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway. Germline loss-of-function mutations in\n                    <jats:italic>STK11<\/jats:italic>\n                    give rise to Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, which is associated with hamartomatous polyps of the gastrointestinal tract, mucocutaneous pigmentation and a substantially increased lifetime risk of many cancers. In the sporadic setting,\n                    <jats:italic>STK11<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations are commonly seen in a subset of adenocarcinomas of the lung in addition to a number of other tumours occurring at various sites. Mutations in\n                    <jats:italic>STK11<\/jats:italic>\n                    have been associated with worse prognoses across a range of malignancies and may be a predictor of poor response to immunotherapy in a subset of lung cancers, though further studies are needed before the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>STK11<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations can be implemented as a routine clinical biomarker.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2021-207906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T13:25:39Z","timestamp":1630675539000},"page":"681-685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Gene of the month:\n                    <i>STK11<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Roman E","family":"Zyla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elan","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Anatomic Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4069-2000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjelica","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Anatomic Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2676"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73389","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12334","article-title":"Lkb1 is a DNA damage response protein that regulates cellular sensitivity to PARP inhibitors","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142702"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0846","article-title":"Emerging Therapeutic Implications of STK11 Mutation: Case Series","volume":"25","author":"Laderian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00026.2008"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10689-011-9457-7"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0145-z","article-title":"Controlling the master-upstream regulation of the tumor suppressor LKB1","volume":"37","author":"Kullmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178377"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308061100"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms150916698"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120781"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312570111"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2008.342"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2004.06.007"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11020196","article-title":"The importance of STK11\/LKB1 assessment in non-small cell lung carcinomas","volume":"11","author":"Mograbi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2152"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-021-02040-y","article-title":"AMPK\u03b1-like proteins as LKB1 downstream targets in cell physiology and cancer","volume":"99","author":"Molina","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgt068"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0198-38"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10689-017-0037-3"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.435"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20253"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2005.039875","article-title":"Lkb1 exonic and whole gene deletions are a common cause of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Volikos","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.03.014"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0083"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.223750"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20228"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-11-199806010-00004"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199905)188:1<9::AID-PATH326>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.30","first-page":"194","article-title":"Targeting LKB1 signaling in cancer","volume":"1835","author":"Korsse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.98"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI93597"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"CGast.S38452","DOI":"10.4137\/CGast.S38452","article-title":"Gastric Hamartomatous Polyps-Review and update","volume":"9","author":"Vyas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2009.02549.x","article-title":"Sporadic gastric Peutz-Jeghers polyp with intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"117","author":"Harbaum","year":"2009","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3180339944"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.01.050","article-title":"Stk11 alterations in the pan-cancer setting: prognostic and therapeutic implications","volume":"148","author":"Krishnamurthy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.04.055"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10575","article-title":"Decreased LKB1 predicts poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.32.7825"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.40","first-page":"3659","article-title":"Inactivation of LKB1\/STK11 is a common event in adenocarcinomas of the lung","volume":"62","author":"Sanchez-Cespedes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13385"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06030"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210418"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0055"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238358","article-title":"STK11 (LKB1) mutations in metastatic NSCLC: Prognostic value in the real world","volume":"15","author":"Shire","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0099"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.47","article-title":"Impact of KRAS and TP53 co-mutations on outcomes after first-line systemic therapy among patients with STK11-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"3","author":"Bange","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-0163"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21374","article-title":"Clinical Relevance of Liver Kinase B1(LKB1) Protein and Gene Expression in Breast Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.50","first-page":"2085","article-title":"The tumor suppressor gene LKB1 is associated with prognosis in human breast carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Shen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu497"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/mcs.a000778"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-019-0305-x"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000578","article-title":"A detailed immunohistochemical analysis of a large series of cervical and vaginal gastric-type adenocarcinomas","volume":"40","author":"Carleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000665","article-title":"Genomic characterization of HPV-related and gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma: correlation with subtype and clinical behavior","volume":"39","author":"Hodgson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.56","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic profiling and prognostic analysis of cervical gastric-type mucinous adenocarcinoma","volume":"68","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-00726-1","article-title":"Massively parallel sequencing analysis of 68 gastric-type cervical adenocarcinomas reveals mutations in cell cycle-related genes and potentially targetable mutations","volume":"34","author":"Selenica","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000093"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0614-0","article-title":"Genetic characteristics of gastric-type mucinous carcinoma of the uterine cervix","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2019.10.022","article-title":"Genomic alterations in STK11 can predict clinical outcomes in cervical cancer patients","volume":"156","author":"Hirose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19821001)50:7<1384::AID-CNCR2820500726>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MP.0000073133.79591.A1"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880079"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210594"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001677","article-title":"A distinctive adnexal (usually paratubal) neoplasm often associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and characterized by STK11 alterations (STK11 adnexal tumor)","volume":"45","author":"Bennett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0281-6"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.630"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604886"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.261","article-title":"Targeting LKB1 in cancer \u2013 exposing and exploiting vulnerabilities","volume":"113","author":"Momcilovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.140","article-title":"Lkb1 deficiency enhances sensitivity to energetic stress induced by erlotinib treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells","volume":"35","author":"Whang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2014.06.011","article-title":"Lkb1 inactivation sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer to pharmacological aggravation of ER stress","volume":"352","author":"Inge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2025112108463988000_74.11.681.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-3565"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jclinpath-2021-207906","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:46:51Z","timestamp":1763743611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jclinpath-2021-207906"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jclinpath-2021-207906"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jclinpath-2021-207906","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]}}}