{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T19:59:00Z","timestamp":1766087940937,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Roche, South Africa"},{"name":"National Health Laboratory Service at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital"},{"name":"Steve Biko Academic Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We compared soluble transferrin receptors (sTfR), serum ferritin, mean cell volume (MCV) of red cells and the sTfR-ferritin index with the intensive method bone marrow trephine (BMT) iron stores in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive hospitalised participants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, we recruited hospitalised HIV-positive and coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19)-negative adults with anaemia who required a bone marrow examination as part of their diagnostic workup. We measured the full blood count, ferritin, sTfR and assessed iron using the intensive method in Haemotoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E)-stained BMT core biopsies of consenting participants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 60 enrolled participants, 57 were evaluable. Thirteen (22.80%) had IDA on H&amp;E BMT iron stores assessment, and 44 (77.19%) had anaemia of chronic diseases (ACD). The sTfR and the sTfR-ferritin index had sensitivities of 61.54% and 53.85%, respectively, for IDA diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity of ferritin was 7.69% and 92.31%, respectively. The sTfR and sTfR-ferritin index\u2019s diagnostic specificity was relatively low at 46.15% and 38.46%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this pilot study in HIV-positive participants, the prevalence of iron deficiency using the BMT assessment was low. Both the sTfR and the sTfR-ferritin index had a better quantitative correlation to bone marrow iron stores when compared with the MCV and ferritin and, may be more accurate surrogate markers of IDA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp-2022-208172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T13:21:41Z","timestamp":1663852901000},"page":"555-560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Underdiagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia in HIV-infected individuals: a pilot study using soluble transferrin receptors and intensive bone marrow iron stores to improve the diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2829-566X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahlatse","family":"Mankgele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Variava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Klerksdorp Tshepong Academic Hospital Complex and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tumelo","family":"Moloantoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kennedy","family":"Otwombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"School of Public health, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khuthadzo","family":"Hlongwane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dineo","family":"Disenyane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomical Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meshack","family":"Bida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomical Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raylton","family":"Chikwati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Snyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Martinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5781-7669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johnny","family":"Mahlangu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092505191918000_76.8.555.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.44"},{"key":"2025092505191918000_76.8.555.2","unstructured":"Africa SS . Mortality and causes of death in South Africa, 2016. 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The global prevalence of anaemia in 2011, 2015. 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