{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T04:14:05Z","timestamp":1785039245257,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis (CNGM) is a subtype of granulomatous mastitis (GM) associated with\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp infection. We aimed to analyse the prevalence of Corynebacteria in CNGM and non-CNGM cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast specimens diagnosed as granulomatous inflammation between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed to identify a CNGM cohort and a non-CNGM cohort. Polymerase chain reaction-based identification of Corynebacteria by 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) primers, followed by confirmatory Sanger sequencing (SS), was performed on all cases. Clinical, radiological and microbiology data were retrieved from the electronic patient records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-eight CNGM cases and 19 non-CNGM cases were identified. Compared with the non-CNGM cohort, patients in the CNGM cohort were more likely to be multiparous (p=0.01), breast feeding (p=0.01) and presenting with a larger breast mass (p&lt;0.01), spontaneous drainage (p=0.05) and skin irritation (p&lt;0.01). No significant difference in the prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                      between the cohorts (7% vs 11%, p=0.68) by microbiological culture was identified. Compared with microbiology culture, the sensitivity and specificity of each Corynebacterial detection method were 50% and 81% for Gram stain, and 25% and 100% for 16S rRNA combined with SS. Regardless of the diagnosis, patients positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                      were more likely to have a persistent disease (p&lt;0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CNGM presents as a large symptomatic breast mass in multiparous breastfeeding women. The importance of adequate sampling and repeated microbiology culture in conjunction with sequencing on all GM cases with persistent disease is paramount.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp-2022-208651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T13:20:30Z","timestamp":1674652830000},"page":"306-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis: sensitivity and specificity of 16s rRNA and Sanger sequencing for\n                    <i>Corynebacterium<\/i>\n                    spp"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Ellen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kozak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Program (Laboratory Medicine), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Nofech-Mozes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Program (Laboratory Medicine), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5650-4748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"Salvant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7945-7801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Olkhov-Mitsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Program (Laboratory Medicine), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elzbieta","family":"Slodkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Program (Laboratory Medicine), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Plotkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Program (Laboratory Medicine), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wedad","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Program (Laboratory Medicine), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6414-7613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang-I","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Program (Laboratory Medicine), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112110484720000_77.5.306.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0031302031000082197"},{"key":"2025112110484720000_77.5.306.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2018.08.010"},{"key":"2025112110484720000_77.5.306.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.13160","article-title":"Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis: the cleveland clinic experience with diagnosis and management","volume":"25","author":"Gautham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"2025112110484720000_77.5.306.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05014-x","article-title":"Granulomatous mastitis and factors associated with recurrence: an 11-year single-centre study of 113 patients in Singapore","volume":"43","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"World 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mastitis","volume":"23","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"2025112110484720000_77.5.306.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/344463"},{"key":"2025112110484720000_77.5.306.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.04.023"},{"key":"2025112110484720000_77.5.306.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.09.69","article-title":"Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: a powerful tool for identification of corynebacterium species","volume":"9","author":"Bao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2025112110484720000_77.5.306.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12883"},{"key":"2025112110484720000_77.5.306.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2021.1921082","article-title":"New insights of corynebacterium kroppenstedtii in granulomatous lobular mastitis based on nanopore 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