{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:30:05Z","timestamp":1788791405911,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MSD China"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is known to be highly expressed in various malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We aimed to determine the prevalence of PD-L1 expression in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC (R\/M HNSCC) among Chinese patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This multicentre, retrospective analysis of data from six centres in China included patients with R\/M HNSCC treated from 9 August 2021 to 28 February 2022. PD-L1 expression in tumour tissue was assessed and represented using a combined positive score (CPS). The \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests were used to compare the prevalence of different PD-L1 expression statuses according to related co-variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For all 402 examined patients with R\/M HNSCC, 168 cases (41.8%) had PD-L1 expression with a CPS \u226520, and 337 cases (83.8%) had PD-L1 expression with a CPS \u22651. Between the PD-L1 CPS \u226520 group and PD-L1 CPS &lt;20 group, statistically significant differences were observed for variables of sex (p&lt;0.001), smoking habit (p=0.0138 for non-smokers vs current smokers) and primary tumour site (p&lt;0.001 for hypopharynx vs oral cavity and p=0.0304 for larynx vs oral cavity, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PD-L1 with CPS \u226520 was expressed in about 41.8% of cases with R\/M HNSCC among Chinese patients, and PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with sex, smoking history and primary tumour site. Our findings regarding the variables related to PD-L1 expression level provide insight for clinical practice and a solid basis for future research on immunotherapy in HNSCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"isrctn\" xlink:href=\"ISRCTN10570964\">ISRCTN10570964<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp-2023-209059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T13:20:36Z","timestamp":1700054436000},"page":"88-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["PD-L1 expression in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in China 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