{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T17:57:00Z","timestamp":1763747820727,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Uroplakins are a family of membrane-spanning proteins highly specific to the urothelium. There are four uroplakin proteins in humans. These are encoded by the following\n                    <jats:italic>UPK<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes:\n                    <jats:italic>UPK1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>UPK1B<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>UPK2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>UPK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Uroplakin proteins span the apical membrane of umbrella cells of the urothelium, where they associate into urothelial plaques. This provides a barrier function to prevent passage of urine across the urothelium in the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder. Uroplakins are also involved in developmental processes such as nephrogenesis. The specific localisation of uroplakins within the urothelium means that they are often expressed in primary and metastatic urothelial cell carcinoma and may be used as an immunohistochemical marker of urothelial malignancy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp-2024-209388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T13:20:27Z","timestamp":1709126427000},"page":"291-296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gene of the month: the uroplakins"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5101-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krithicck","family":"Sivakumaar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Magdalene College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3969-7637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"},{"name":"Department of Histopathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ella","family":"Schofield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James W F","family":"Catto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Jubber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112109392728000_77.5.291.1","unstructured":"Bateman A , Martin MJ , Orchard S , et al . n.d. 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