{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:39:40Z","timestamp":1788565180843,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52\/29\/2020-Bio\/BMS, 2020-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52\/29\/2020-Bio\/BMS, 2020-23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) exhibits limited responsiveness to immunotherapy. The current study characterises the immune cell repertoire in ATC compared with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and thyroid follicular nodular disease (TFND) and evaluates\n                      <jats:italic>IFN-\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA expression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), regulatory T cells (TREGs), natural killer cells (NK), B lymphocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were analysed by multicolour flow cytometry in prospectively collected ATC, DTC and TFND tissues.\n                      <jats:italic>IFN-\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA expression was quantified using RT-PCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ATC demonstrated significantly higher MDSC infiltration than DTC or TFND. CTLs were elevated in ATC relative to DTC, while TREGs, NK and B-cells were lower.\n                      <jats:italic>IFN-\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression did not differ significantly although\n                      <jats:italic>IFN-\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression was higher in DTC and ATC than in TFND.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ATC microenvironment is rich in immunosuppressive MDSCs. These findings support MDSC-focused immunomodulation as a promising adjunct therapy in ATC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp-2025-210585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T17:20:21Z","timestamp":1779816021000},"page":"634-638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: insights from prospective immune profiling and implications for targeted immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Monikongkona","family":"Boruah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7037-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shipra","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6168-9938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riyaz Ahmad","family":"Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chirom A","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeev","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kapil","family":"Sikka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"Kataria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082005150914000_79.9.634.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-024-09832-1"},{"key":"2026082005150914000_79.9.634.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.ima03bs111","article-title":"Trypan Blue Exclusion Test of Cell Viability","volume":"111","author":"Strober","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Immunol"},{"key":"2026082005150914000_79.9.634.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-023-04664-9","article-title":"Innate differences in the molecular signature of normal inferior & superior human parathyroid glands: potential implications for parathyroid adenoma","volume":"478","author":"Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2026082005150914000_79.9.634.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu T , Zhai J , Yang Z , et al . 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