{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T09:54:27Z","timestamp":1781776467641,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Oxford University Innovation Challenge Seed Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EDDPJT-Nov24\/100031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDDPJT-Nov24\/100031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T-cell lymphomas are often histologically indistinguishable from benign T-cell infiltrates. Clonality testing is frequently required for diagnosis. It lacks the spatial context and is slow and expensive, relying on complex multiplexed PCR reactions, interpreted by scientists or pathologists with specialist molecular training. We set out to make monoclonal antibodies to develop a novel immunohistochemical test for T-cell lymphoma, analogous to the kappa\/lambda assay for B-cell and plasma cell neoplasms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a pair of highly specific monoclonal antibodies against the two alternatively used but very similar T-cell receptor \u03b2 constant regions, TCR\u03b21 and TCR\u03b22 (encoded by the TRBC1 and TRBC2 gene segments). We demonstrate the feasibility of immunohistochemical detection of TCR\u03b21 and TCR\u03b22 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue as a novel diagnostic strategy for T-cell lymphomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single immunostaining results are presented for 13 T-cell lymphomas and 8 benign T-cell populations, together with illustrative examples of TCR\u03b21\/2 double immunostaining. Finally, we show that this single immunostaining is amenable to automated cell counting, permitting accurate calculation of the TCR\u03b22:TCR\u03b21 ratio.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This novel assay can be used in a similar way to the kappa\/lambda assay for B-cell and plasma cell neoplasms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp-2026-210684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:25:18Z","timestamp":1777569918000},"page":"486-493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["TCRbeta1\/TCRbeta2 (TRBC1\/TRBC2) antibody pair for determining T-cell monotypia as a surrogate for clonality in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Kaistha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlong J","family":"Situ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Ashton-Key","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Pathology, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Ogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4032-7249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Soilleux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14222479","article-title":"Demonstration of T-Cell Monotypia Using Anti-TCRbeta1\/2 (TRBC1\/2) Immunostaining as a Rapid and Cost-Effective Alternative to PCR-Based Clonality Studies for the Diagnosis of T-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"14","author":"Soilleux","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.2","unstructured":"WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board . WHO classification of tumours: haematolymphoid tumours part B. 5th edition. Lyon, France: World Health Organization and International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2024."},{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpdhp.2020.06.003","article-title":"Advances in the assessment of T-cell clonality","volume":"26","author":"Davies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagn Histopathol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12415"},{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.51.3.229"},{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.145.4.1014"},{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403202"},{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0291","article-title":"Estimating T-cell repertoire diversity: limitations of classical estimators and a new approach","volume":"370","author":"Laydon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.9","unstructured":"Lefranc M-P , Lefranc Gr . ScienceDirect (Online Service). The T cell receptor factsbook. Factsbook series. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press, 2001:xiv, 397"},{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006624","article-title":"Imbalance in the game of T cells: What can the CD4\/CD8 T-cell ratio tell us about HIV and health?","volume":"13","author":"McBride","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.6.9.3207-3214.1986"},{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17204-5","article-title":"QuPath: Open source software for digital pathology image analysis","volume":"7","author":"Bankhead","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00934-2_30"},{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2016-204029"},{"key":"2026061802100674000_79.7.486.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-01002-0","article-title":"Dual T-cell constant \u03b2 chain (TRBC)1 and TRBC2 staining for the identification of T-cell neoplasms by flow cytometry","volume":"14","author":"Horna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp-2026-210684","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T09:11:13Z","timestamp":1781773873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp-2026-210684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp-2026-210684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp-2026-210684","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]}}}