{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T03:46:18Z","timestamp":1782877578452,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"\n Aims:<\/jats:bold>\n To assess the accuracy and precision of measuring haemoglobin A\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the presence and absence of sickle cell trait, with or without \u03b1 thalassaemia trait.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n The haemoglobin A\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n percentage and the haemoglobin A\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n plus S percentages were determined by HPLC on 82 normal controls and 78 patients with sickle cell trait, respectively; the \u03b1 thalassaemia status of each patient was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Red cell indices and haemoglobin A\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n and S percentages were compared in patients with two, three, or four \u03b1 genes.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n Of the 78 patients with sickle cell trait, 17 were heterozygous for \u03b1\n +<\/jats:sup>\n thalassaemia (\u2212\u03b1\n 3.7<\/jats:sup>\n \/\u03b1\u03b1) and 13 were homozygous (\u2212\u03b1\n 3.7<\/jats:sup>\n \/\u2212\u03b1\n 3.7<\/jats:sup>\n ). Microcolumn chromatography showed that the haemoglobin A\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n percentage was slightly, but significantly, higher than normal in sickle cell trait. HPLC determinations of haemoglobin A\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n percentage in patients with sickle cell trait are precise but inaccurate, the percentage being appreciably overestimated. The measured haemoglobin A\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n percentage is stable for one week, but inaccuracy increases by two weeks in most samples. Despite this inaccuracy, there are significant differences in the HPLC \u201chaemoglobin A\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n percentage\u201d between groups of individuals with two, three, and four \u03b1 genes.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n Haemoglobin A\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n determinations by HPLC are precise but inaccurate. Nevertheless, there are significant differences in the haemoglobin A\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n percentage in subjects with two, three, and four \u03b1 genes. Although there is some overlap between groups, this can be useful, together with the red cell indices, in predicting the likelihood of coexisting \u03b1 thalassaemia.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.008037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,30]],"date-time":"2004-03-30T10:40:57Z","timestamp":1080643257000},"page":"276-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Some observations on the measurement of haemoglobin A\n 2<\/sub>\n and S percentages by high performance liquid chromatography in the presence and absence of \u03b1 thalassaemia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"C E","family":"Head","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Phelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B J","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121403313087000_57.3.276.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3109\/03630268108991811","volume":"5","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"2025121403313087000_57.3.276.2","unstructured":"Sergeant G. Sickle cell disease. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001."},{"key":"2025121403313087000_57.3.276.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.7.1113","volume":"42","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025121403313087000_57.3.276.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830460309","volume":"46","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"2025121403313087000_57.3.276.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1975.tb00514.x","volume":"30","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2025121403313087000_57.3.276.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V55.4.706.706","volume":"55","year":"1980","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025121403313087000_57.3.276.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/76.1.70","volume":"76","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2025121403313087000_57.3.276.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1159\/000207172","volume":"65","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"2025121403313087000_57.3.276.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1159\/000206095","volume":"75","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"2025121403313087000_57.3.276.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1984.tb08556.x","volume":"57","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2025121403313087000_57.3.276.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.46.9.852"},{"key":"2025121403313087000_57.3.276.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V68.5.985.985","volume":"68","year":"1986","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025121403313087000_57.3.276.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198307213090320","volume":"309","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.2003.008037","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T11:31:38Z","timestamp":1765711898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.2003.008037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,27]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.2003.008037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.2003.008037","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,27]]}}}