{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:04:11Z","timestamp":1787069051071,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway, which governs cell cycle progression, is frequently genetically altered in cancer, causing deregulated expression of the E2F-1 transcription factor, which promotes DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. Recent studies show that E2F-1 also participates in apoptosis induction in a p53 dependent or independent manner. Despite its crucial role and paradoxical effects on cell turnover, the function of E2F-1 in human cancer is unclear.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aims:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To evaluate E2F-1 expression using immunohistochemistry in 43 surgically resected oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study analysed the association of E2F-1 with tumour cell proliferation and apoptosis and the upstream regulators modulating these processes, and its impact on patient outcome. Tumour cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed as percentage of MIB-1 positive or apoptotic cells (MIB-1 labelling index (MI) and apoptotic index (AI)), respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Entire specimens showed abnormal expression of one or more upstream regulators of pRb\/E2F-1. Although E2F-1 positivity was not associated with the expression of upstream regulators, it showed a linear and positive correlation with MI but not AI. Patients with high MI, low AI, or high E2F-1 positivity had significantly shorter recurrence free survival. By multivariate analysis, high MI and low AI were independently associated with recurrence free survival, but E2F-1 was not.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis are associated with adverse prognosis in patients with OSCC. Although E2F-1 remains a controversial prognostic factor, its expression was closely associated with tumour cell proliferation and might influence clinical outcome, mainly via cell cycle progression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.023127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,26]],"date-time":"2005-08-26T13:43:10Z","timestamp":1125063790000},"page":"904-910","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Increased E2F-1 expression via tumour cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis are correlated with adverse prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the 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