{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T06:15:32Z","timestamp":1765692932742,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    An association between cow\u2019s milk hypersensitivity (CMH) and gastro\u2013oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in childhood has been reported in the past decade.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To assess whether biopsies from the upper gastrointestinal tract of children with cow\u2019s milk sensitive GERD have a specific allergic inflammatory pattern, and to compare two different techniques for measuring inflammatory cells in gastrointestinal biopsies.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    GERD was diagnosed by means of endoscopy and oesophageal pH monitoring. Hypersensitivity to cow\u2019s milk was determined by an elimination diet and cow\u2019s milk challenge. Allergic inflammatory cells in upper gastrointestinal biopsies were identified by immunohistochemistry and their numbers were assessed by two different methods\u2014counting the number of cells\/high power field and using the computerised Cast-Grid system.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Cow\u2019s milk sensitive GERD was identified in 10 of 17 children with severe GERD (median age, 7.8 years). Biopsies from children with endoscopic oesophagitis had significantly increased numbers of mast cells and T cells. No differences in the number of eosinophils, mast cells, or T cells were found between children with CMH and those with primary GERD. Several differences were found between the two different histological quantification methods.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    CMH was found not only in infants but also in school age children with GERD. Histology did not identify the cow\u2019s milk sensitive GERD subgroup. The computerised histological method provides a more complete evaluation based upon total biopsy area, and helped to limit the bias of uneven biopsy size.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.024513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,4]],"date-time":"2006-01-04T17:08:08Z","timestamp":1136394488000},"page":"89-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Eosinophilia in the upper gastrointestinal tract is not a characteristic feature in cow\u2019s milk sensitive gastro\u2013oesophageal reflux disease. 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