{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T08:33:21Z","timestamp":1793694801441,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The introduction of endoscopy of the upper digestive tract as a routine diagnostic procedure has increased the number of duodenal biopsy specimens. Consequently, the pathologist is often asked to evaluate them. In this review, a practical approach to the evaluation of a duodenal biopsy specimen is discussed. An overview of the handling of specimens is given and the normal histology and commonly encountered diseases are discussed. Finally, a description of commonly seen infections is provided, together with an algorithmic approach for diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.031260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,6]],"date-time":"2006-05-06T00:32:00Z","timestamp":1146875520000},"page":"1133-1150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["An approach to duodenal biopsies"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Serra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P A","family":"Jani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.1","unstructured":"Anon. Normal embryology and fetal development. In: Morson and Dawson\u2019s gastrointestinal pathology. 4th edn. Blackwell Publishing 2003:252\u20134."},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200307000-00011"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.3","first-page":"120","volume":"58","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.47.8.693"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40669.x"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200402000-00019"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.7","first-page":"1185","volume":"11","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.43.8.641"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199804000-00001"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199910000-00012"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199807000-00002"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(86)71846-4","volume":"32","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1996.tb01565.x","volume":"32","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.14","first-page":"397","volume":"16","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(03)02146-1"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubin CE, Brandborg LL, Phelps PC, et al. Studies of celiac disease. I. The apparent identical and specific nature of the duodenal and proximal jejunal lesion in celiac disease and idiopathic sprue. Gastroenterology 38:28\u201349.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(60)80115-1"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.17","unstructured":"Segal GH, Petras RE. Small intestine. In: Histology for pathologists. 2nd edn. Sternberg SS, ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997:495\u2013518."},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200309000-00007"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2003.54"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11118.x"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.46.5.420"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdip.2005.05.002"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1097\/00129039-200409000-00003","volume":"12","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310008773"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.013607"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/5PRJ-CM0U-6KLD-6KCM"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020120111230"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0950-3528(95)90032-2"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.118882"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520510023765"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310007675"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.12.12.988"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.5.393","volume":"55","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.6.424","volume":"55","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70530-X"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07631.x"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(03)00003-3"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2001.02482.x"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199801000-00020"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.40","unstructured":"Day DW, Jass JR, Price AB, et al. Chronic \u2018non specific\u2019 duodenitis. In: Morson and Dawson\u2019s gastrointestinal pathology. 4th edn. Blackwell Publishing 2003:308."},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.41","first-page":"21","volume":"8","year":"2003","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1991.tb01291.x","volume":"99","year":"1991","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.43.12.981"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.44","first-page":"481","volume":"30","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3518","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i23.3518","volume":"11","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.9.1162"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/102.2.188","volume":"102","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.48","first-page":"2216","volume":"92","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02423.x"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2005.01.009"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02258.x"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.22123"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2005.01.008"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1392"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.023978"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02481-8"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.8530"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.1.260.413k40_260_264","volume":"94","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2000.00926.x"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.3.372"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.2.205"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.6.804"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1159\/000007779","volume":"62","year":"2000","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.10.3879","volume":"92","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.65","first-page":"78","volume":"241","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.027"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.162.3860.1396"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19831015)52:8<1410::AID-CNCR2820520813>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198912000-00004","volume":"13","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2755","volume":"105","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031887"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.5.662","volume":"45","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DDAS.0000026297.25591.62"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6555.1132"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.75","first-page":"375","volume":"4","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)01042-8"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024705032326"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199904000-00009"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(95)90283-X"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.56.8.629"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01795.x"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90016-E","volume":"101","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82195-X"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655200750056592"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/10FC-NCTC-56NM-N0YE"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709025062"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(77)80247-3","volume":"72","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.88","first-page":"206","volume":"44","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.5858\/2005-129-933-WDACRA","volume":"129","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.90","first-page":"521","volume":"97","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.91","first-page":"371","volume":"86","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(03)00126-6"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00387-8"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1992.tb00337.x","volume":"21","year":"1992","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007388"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0950-3528(90)90008-5"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199607000-00004"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90348-0"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.99","first-page":"328","volume":"115","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.3.317"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-5-366","volume":"114","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-111-1-15"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.103","unstructured":"Day DW, Jass JR, Price AB, et al. Cytomegalovirus in the small intestine. In: Morson and Dawson\u2019s gastrointestinal pathology. 4th edn. Blackwell Publishing 2003:273\u20134."},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200407000-00005"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-002-6215-x"},{"key":"2024053009445966000_59.11.1133.106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5450","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i35.5450","volume":"11","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.2005.031260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T21:30:35Z","timestamp":1717104635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.2005.031260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,5]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.2005.031260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.2005.031260","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,5]]}}}