{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T21:30:19Z","timestamp":1782509419559,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:bold> Multidrug resistance (MDR) has a potentially serious influence on cancer treatment and should be taken into consideration in the design and application of therapeutic regimens. It is mediated through the activity of cellular pumps.<\/jats:p>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:bold> To investigate whether furosemide, itself a pump-blocker, reverses MDR in an in vitro model.<\/jats:p>\n \n Materials and methods:<\/jats:bold> An MDR bladder cancer cell line (MGH-u 1R) and its parental (drug sensitive) clone were exposed to epirubicin and furosemide, with the concentration of one drug fixed and that of the other serially diluted in a 96-well plate format. Both drugs formed the variable component in separate experiments. After a 1-h exposure, the cells were washed and replenished with fresh medium. To examine the toxicity of epirubicin and furosemide separately and in combination, monotetrazolium-based assays were carried out. Intracellular epirubicin distribution was assessed by confocal microscopy as a second index of resistance status after in vitro exposure.<\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold> MGH-u 1R cells incubated with furosemide showed distribution of drug similar to that in the parental cells (MGH-u 1 sensitive). Controls (without furosemide) continued to show a resistant pattern of fluorescence. In cytotoxicity assays furosemide appeared substantially non-toxic. Resistant cells in the toxicity titration experiments showed increased resistance to levels of furosemide over 500 \u03bcg\/ml. Parental cells were made only marginally more sensitive against increased background toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Furosemide is effective in reversing MDR status in bladder cancer cell lines in vitro. It may also have an increment of intrinsic cytotoxicity, but only at higher concentrations. We propose a potential for further investigation of furosemide as an adjunct to chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.033100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,23]],"date-time":"2006-03-23T20:34:05Z","timestamp":1143146045000},"page":"912-915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Furosemide reverses multidrug resistance status in bladder cancer cells in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"A G","family":"Speers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B A","family":"Lwaleed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J M","family":"Featherstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B J","family":"Sallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A J","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092504320492000_59.9.912.1","unstructured":"Burnand K, Young A. 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