{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:36:04Z","timestamp":1790922964436,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease targeting the intrahepatic small bile ducts showing chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis (CNSDC). Recent studies suggest that naturally-occurring CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD25\n                      <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                      regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) play an active role in immunological self-tolerance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether Foxp3+Tregs are involved in the pathogenesis of PBC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Foxp3+Tregs was detected immunohistochemically in livers from patients with PBC (n\u200a=\u200a27), chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) (n\u200a=\u200a15), and normal subjects (n\u200a=\u200a10). The distribution of Tregs in portal tracts was semi-quantitatively evaluated in each groups. Levels of Foxp3, IL-10, TGF\u03b2, IFN\u03b3 and TNF\u03b1 mRNA was evaluated in PBC (n\u200a=\u200a15) and control livers (n\u200a=\u200a21) using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In PBC and CVH livers, the amounts of infiltrating Foxp3+Tregs in portal tracts were in parallel with the degree of portal inflammation irrespective of disease. The infiltration of Foxp3+Tregs into portal tracts with CNSDC in PBC was foremost in comparison with inflamed portal tracts in CVH or those without CNSDC in PBC (p&lt;0.05). Focally, Tregs infiltrated into the biliary epithelial layer at the site of CNSDC. The level of Foxp3, IL-10 and TGF\u03b2 mRNA expression was high in PBC compared with normal livers (p&lt;0.05). IFN\u03b3 and TNF\u03b1 mRNA was high in early PBC and CVH livers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results of this evaluation of Foxp3+Tregs do not suggest that the reduced regulatory function accounts for the development of CNSDC in PBC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2006.044776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,8]],"date-time":"2006-12-08T21:04:16Z","timestamp":1165611856000},"page":"1102-1107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Naturally-occurring regulatory T cells are increased in inflamed portal tracts with cholangiopathy in primary biliary cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Motoko","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiko","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuni","family":"Nakanuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121219455934000_60.10.1102.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.10.3525","volume":"138","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121219455934000_60.10.1102.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199611213352107"},{"key":"2025121219455934000_60.10.1102.3","unstructured":"Portmann B , Nakanuma Y. 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