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It is now clear that metabolic syndrome represents a condition of insulin resistance and ectopic fat accumulation associated with a proinflammatory and procoagulant phenotype. The syndrome is sometimes associated with other conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. The review discusses the various approaches to the investigation of people with the metabolic syndrome. Simple tools for clinical and laboratory diagnosis of metabolic syndrome are described. 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