{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T19:53:45Z","timestamp":1778788425332,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CDX2 is an epithelial transcription factor that regulates intestinal differentiation and is involved in the development of intestinal metaplasia (IM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To analyse the expression of\n                      <jats:italic>CDX2<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the gastric mucosa in various locations and its relationship to\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      69 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms were stratified into four groups according to their\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      and GORD status. Patients without infection and without GORD were the reference group (\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\u2212)\/GORD(\u2212)). Biopsies from the antrum, corpus and cardia were assessed by histopathology according to the updated Sydney System.\n                      <jats:italic>CDX2<\/jats:italic>\n                      transcription levels were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>CDX2<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression was significantly up-regulated in antral and cardia mucosa of patients with both\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection and GORD (26- and 100-fold, respectively; p&lt;0.05), but remained unchanged in corpus mucosa. If only\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection or GORD was present,\n                      <jats:italic>CDX2<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression levels were 6- to 11-fold increased in the antrum, but without reaching statistical significance.\n                      <jats:italic>CDX2<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression correlated positively with the degree of IM (p&lt;0.01) and the degree of\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      induced inflammation (p&lt;0.05). Gene expression data were confirmed immunohistochemically by the detection of CDX2 in areas of IM and in focally distributed CDX2-expressing cells in non-metaplastic gastric mucosa.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The combined presence of\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection and GORD leads to an up-regulation of\n                      <jats:italic>CDX2<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression in cardia and antral mucosa, but not in the corpus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2008.060061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]],"date-time":"2009-02-27T13:38:42Z","timestamp":1235741922000},"page":"254-259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The combined presence of\n                    <i>H pylori<\/i>\n                    infection and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease leads to an up-regulation of\n                    <i>CDX2<\/i>\n                    gene expression in antrum and cardia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Bornschein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Wex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U","family":"Peitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Kuester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Roessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Malfertheiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121408362119000_62.3.254.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2006.07.014"},{"key":"2025121408362119000_62.3.254.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa001999"},{"key":"2025121408362119000_62.3.254.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.03017.x"},{"key":"2025121408362119000_62.3.254.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.27999"},{"key":"2025121408362119000_62.3.254.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.9302"},{"key":"2025121408362119000_62.3.254.6","first-page":"1494","article-title":"Barrett\u00e2\u0080\u0099s esophagus in patients with symptomatic reflux esophagitis.","volume":"84","author":"Mann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025121408362119000_62.3.254.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i6.791","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in superficial gastritis, gastric erosion, erosive gastritis, gastric ulcer and early gastric cancer.","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025121408362119000_62.3.254.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.18142"},{"key":"2025121408362119000_62.3.254.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00011741"},{"key":"2025121408362119000_62.3.254.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36596-1","article-title":"Structure of the murine homeobox gene cdx-2. 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