{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T12:26:54Z","timestamp":1780576014022,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test the incidence of the expression of the immunohistochemical markers that aid diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract small cell carcinoma (GI-SmCC) and to evaluate the incidence of mixed endocrine\u2013exocrine carcinomas in GI-SmCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunohistochemical studies of three antibodies against epithelial markers (CK8, AE1\/AE3, EMA), four neuroendocrine differentiation markers (synaptophysin (Syn), neuron specific enolase (NSE), neuronal cell adhesion molecules (CD56), chromogranin A (CgA)), and a transcription factor (thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1)) were performed. The incidence of non-endocrine carcinoma component was evaluated in 42 GI-SmCCs (11 in the oesophagus, 15 in the stomach, 15 in the colon, and 1 in the small intestine).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The percentages of GI-SmCC with positive immunoreactivity were: CK8 92.9%, AE1\/AE3 76.2%, EMA 71.4%, Syn 100%, NSE 100%, CD56 90.5%, CgA 61.9%, TTF-1 21.4%. The low molecular weight cytokeratin CK8 is more commonly expressed in GI-SmCC than is the expression of AE1\/AE3 or EMA. Synaptophysin and NSE are expressed in all GI-SmCCs studied. Non-endocrine carcinoma components were demonstrated in 8 patients (4 in the oesophagus and 4 in the stomach).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In detecting GI-SmCC, epithelial marker CK8 is more sensitive than AE1\/AE3 or EMA, and neuroendocrine differentiation markers synaptophysin and NSE are the most useful markers. TTF-1 positivity is not uncommon in GI-SmCC, but cases with negative TTF-1 staining may indicate an extra-pulmonary primary. Non-endocrine carcinoma components were demonstrated in about 30% of oesophagus and stomach SmCC; the neoplasms should be diagnosed as mixed endocrine\u2013exocrine carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2010.077024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,8]],"date-time":"2010-06-08T00:00:04Z","timestamp":1275955204000},"page":"620-625","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Small cell carcinomas in gastrointestinal tract: immunohistochemical and clinicopathological features"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Anna Fen-Yau","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice Chia-Heng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Yi","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Win-Yin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Shui","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeou-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120601005881000_63.7.620.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-9-209"},{"key":"2025120601005881000_63.7.620.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200703010-00001","article-title":"Management of primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"120","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"2025120601005881000_63.7.620.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2006.02550.x"},{"key":"2025120601005881000_63.7.620.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0b013e318183234b"},{"key":"2025120601005881000_63.7.620.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020601123961"},{"key":"2025120601005881000_63.7.620.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020510130301"},{"key":"2025120601005881000_63.7.620.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-7-38"},{"key":"2025120601005881000_63.7.620.8","first-page":"75","article-title":"Value of CK14 and CD56 immunostaining in distinguishing small cell carcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"8","author":"Aryal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nepal Med Coll J"},{"key":"2025120601005881000_63.7.620.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPYNPFL56POZQY"},{"key":"2025120601005881000_63.7.620.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0534"},{"key":"2025120601005881000_63.7.620.11","unstructured":"Travis WD Brambilla E Muller-Hermelink K . 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