{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T07:28:24Z","timestamp":1773300504270,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1968,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Small nodules are commonly seen in the rectal mucosa during sigmoidoscopy of patients over 40 years of age and are often noted in rectums excised for carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>There is little information in the literature on the pathology of these small nodules. There is evidence that there are various histological types which are possibly of different clinical significance.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>This problem has been studied using a series of rectums removed surgically for carcinoma and a comparable series of rectums obtained at necropsy from subjects with no evidence of large bowel disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The incidence, distribution, and histological structure of nodules more than 1 mm in diameter has been studied.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The commonest histological types of lesion are found to be adenomas and metaplastic nodules.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The histological structure, mode of formation, natural history, and clinical significance of metaplastic nodules is considered in detail.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>It is concluded that metaplastic nodules are a normal finding in the rectal mucosa of subjects over 40 years old. It is suggested that they represent an aging change in the mucosa.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>They are easily distinguished histologically from adenomas and evidence is presented that they have no relation to them and are not liable to undergo malignant change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.21.6.735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"735-743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Structure and significance of metaplastic nodules in the rectal mucosa"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"J. 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(1961). Acta path. microbiol. scand. suppl., 152.","journal-title":"Acta path. microbiol. scand. suppl"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(36)80014-2","volume":"31","author":"Lawrence, J.C.","year":"1936","unstructured":"Lawrence, J. C. (1936). Amer. J. Surg., 31, 499.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Surg"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"591","volume":"46","author":"Lockhart-Mummery, J.P.; Dukes, C.","year":"1928","unstructured":"Lockhart-Mummery, J. P., and Dukes, C. (1928). Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 46, 591.","journal-title":"Surg. Gynec. Obstet"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"83","volume":"74","author":"Mayo, C.W.; Schlicke, C.P.","year":"1942","unstructured":"Mayo, C. W., and Schlicke, C. P. (1942). Ibid., 74, 83.","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"744","volume":"20","author":"Mider, G.B.","year":"1946","unstructured":"Mider, G. B. (1946). 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