{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T22:17:28Z","timestamp":1767046648366,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1970,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The venom of the rhinoceros horned viper (\n                    <jats:italic>Bitis nasicornis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) has been studied\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and has been shown to be anticoagulant. This action appeared to be due to an effect on both the extrinsic and intrinsic blood thromboplastin mechanisms. The venom was also proteolytic and in purified caseinolytic systems activated plasminogen, enhanced the activation of plasminogen by streptokinase, and potentiated the action of plasmin. In the euglobulin clot lysis system high concentrations of venom produced inhibition. The crude venom increased platelet adhesiveness but in high concentrations delayed the snowstorm effect in the Chandler's tube system and inhibited platelet adenosine diphosphate reactivity. Passage through carboxymethylcellulose yielded six fractions. One possessed anticoagulant activity, inhibited plasmin, and increased the optical density of platelet-rich plasma. The other five fractions shortened the plasma recalcification time but had no effect on plasmin activity. Four fractions aggregated platelets and enhanced platelet adenosine diphosphate reactivity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.23.9.789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"789-796","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of the venom of the rhinoceros horned viper\n                    <i>(Bitis nasicornis)<\/i>\n                    on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, and fibrinolysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"MacKay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. P.","family":"McNicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1970,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","series-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Thrombolytic","author":"Alkjaersig, N.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Alkjaersig, N. (1960). Proceedings of the Conference on Thrombolytic Agents. Edited by H. R. Roberts and J. D. Geraty, University of N. Carolina, Chapel Hill."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.6.1.23","article-title":"The thromboplastin generation test","volume":"6","author":"Biggs, R.; Douglas, A.S.","year":"1953","unstructured":"Biggs, R., and Douglas, A. S. (1953). The thromboplastin generation test. J. clin. Path., 6, 23-29.","journal-title":"J. clin. Path"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Human Blood Coagulation and its Disorders","author":"Biggs, R.; Macfarlane, R.G.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Biggs, R., and Macfarlane, R. G. (1962). Human Blood Coagulation and its Disorders. Blackwell, Oxford."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1038\/197974a0","article-title":"Effect of adenosine diphosphate on the concentration of plate!ets in circulating blood","author":"Born, G.V.R.; Cross, M.J.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Born, G. V. R., and Cross, M. J. (1963). Effect of adenosine diphosphate on the concentration of plate!ets in circulating blood. Nature (Lond.), 197, 974-976.","journal-title":"Nature (Lond.)"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Venomous Animals and Their Venonms","volume":"1","author":"Buicherl, W.; Buckley, E.E.; Deulofeu, V.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Buicherl, W., Buckley, E. E., and Deulofeu, V. (1968). Venomous Animals and Their Venonms, Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"110","article-title":"In vitro thrombotic coagulation of the blood","volume":"7","author":"Chandler, A.B.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Chandler, A. B. (1958). In vitro thrombotic coagulation of the blood. Lab. Invest., 7, 110-114.","journal-title":"Lab. Invest"},{"year":"1965","author":"Cunningham, G.M.; McNicol, G.P.; Douglas, A.S.","key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Cunningham, G. M., McNicol, G. P., and Douglas, A. S. (1965)."},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"Anticoagulant Therapy","author":"Douglas, A.S.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Douglas, A. S. (1962). Anticoagulant Therapy. Blackwell, Oxford."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/003693306601100504","article-title":"Studies on East African snakes: mode of action of Echis carinatus venom","volume":"11","author":"Forbes, C.D.; Turpie, A.G.G.; McNicol, G.P.; Douglas, A.S.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Forbes, C. D., Turpie, A. G. G., McNicol, G. P., and Douglas, A. S. (1966). Studies on East African snakes: mode of action of Echis carinatus venom. Scot. med. J., 11, 168-175.","journal-title":"Scot. med. J"},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"The adhesiveness of human blood platelets in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Hellem, A.J.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Hellem, A. J. (1960). The adhesiveness of human blood platelets in vitro. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest., 12, Suppl.","journal-title":"Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"\"9","article-title":"Venom of the rhinoceros viper, Bitis nasicornis (Shaw)","volume":"49","author":"Kirk, R.; Corkill, N.L.","year":"1946","unstructured":"Kirk, R., and Corkill, N. L. (1946). Venom of the rhinoceros viper, Bitis nasicornis (Shaw). J. trop. Med. Hyg., 49, 9-14. MacKay, N., Ferguson, J. C., Ashe, J., Bagshawe, A., Forrester, A. T. T., and McNicol, G. P. (1969). The venom of the boomslang (Dispholidus typus): In vivo and in vitro studies. Thrombos. 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