{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T17:34:09Z","timestamp":1770831249752,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured in whole serum and in serum extracted with perchloric acid by microradioimmunoassay in patients with benign and malignant diseases of the liver and pancreas. The level of detectability was 5 ng per ml. This level or greater was present in the serum of 50% of patients with chronic diffuse liver disease, 64% with pancreatitis, 94% with cancer of the digestive system, and 3% of controls. The incidence of levels of CEA of 5 ng\/ml or more differed for various categories of chronic liver disease: from 22% in active chronic hepatitis, 46% in primary biliary cirrhosis, 63% in hepatoma, 78% in cryptogenic cirrhosis, and 88% in alcoholic cirrhosis; levels of CEA correlated with degrees of impairment of liver function as judged by bromsulphalein retention and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and transaminase. In pancreatitis, 64% of cases had levels of CEA ranging from 5 to 20 ng\/ml and in cancer of the pancreas 94% had levels above 5 ng\/ml and 50% above 20 ng\/ml.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.26.7.470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"470-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Carcinoembryonic antigen in serum in diseases of the liver and pancreas"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"S. K.","family":"Khoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. R.","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1973,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.121.3.439","article-title":"Demonstration of tumorspecific antigens in human colonic carcinomata by immunological tolerance and absorption techniques","volume":"121","author":"Gold, P.; Freedman, S. 0","year":"1965","unstructured":"Gold, P., and Freedman, S. 0. (1965a). Demonstration of tumorspecific antigens in human colonic carcinomata by immunological tolerance and absorption techniques. J. exp. Med., 121, 439-462.","journal-title":"J. exp. 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J; A collaborative study of a test for Carcinoembryonic antigen in serum in diseases of the lih ver and pancreas carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the sera of patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Studies of carcinoembryonic antigen in whole and extracted serum in ulcerative colitis","author":"Khoo, S.K.; Hunt, P.S.; Mackay, I.R.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Khoo, S. K., Hunt, P. S., and Mackay, I. R. (1973). Studies of carcinoembryonic antigen in whole and extracted serum in ulcerative colitis. Gut, in press."},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"Carcinoembryonic antigen in cancer of the female reproductive system: its detection in whole serum by microradioimmunoassay","author":"Khoo, S.K.; Mackay, E.V.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Khoo, S. K., and Mackay, E. V. (1973). Carcinoembryonic antigen in cancer of the female reproductive system: its detection in whole serum by microradioimmunoassay. Aust. N.Z. J. Obstet. Gynaec., in press.","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaec"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Carcinoembryonic antigenic activity of tissue extracts: a quantitative study of malignant and benign neoplasms, cirrhotic liver, normal adult and fetal organs","author":"Khoo, S.K.; Warner, N.L.; Lie, J.T.; Mackay, I.R.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Khoo, S. K., Warner, N. L., Lie, J. T., and Mackay, I. R. (1973). Carcinoembryonic antigenic activity of tissue extracts: a quantitative study of malignant and benign neoplasms, cirrhotic liver, normal adult and fetal organs. Int. J. Cancer, II.","journal-title":"Int. J. 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Little, Brown, Boston."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"356","article-title":"Carcinoembryonic antigen in whole serum","volume":"26","author":"MacSween, J.M.; Warner, N.L.; Bankhurst, A.D.; Mackay, I.R.","year":"1927","unstructured":"MacSween, J. M., Warner, N. L., Bankhurst, A. D., and Mackay, I. R. (1927). Carcinoembryonic antigen in whole serum. Brit. J. Cancer, 26, 356-360.","journal-title":"Brit. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"The detection of carcinoembryonic antigen in whole serum from patients with malignant and non-malignant disease","author":"MacSween, J.M.; Warner, N.L.; Mackay, I.R.","year":"1973","unstructured":"MacSween, J. M., Warner, N. L., and Mackay, I. R. (1973). The detection of carcinoembryonic antigen in whole serum from patients with malignant and non-malignant disease. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., in press.","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. 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(In press.)"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197201132860207","article-title":"Immunologic diagnosis and prognosis of human digestivetract cancer: carcinoembryonic antigens","volume":"286","author":"Zamcheck, N.; Moore, T.L.; Dhar, P.; Kupchik, H.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Zamcheck, N., Moore, T. L., Dhar, P., and Kupchik, H. (1972). Immunologic diagnosis and prognosis of human digestivetract cancer: carcinoembryonic antigens. New Engi. J. Med., 286, 83-86.","journal-title":"New Engi. J. 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