{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T18:15:52Z","timestamp":1773857752543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Specimens from 495 patients attending Johannesburg hospitals and family planning clinics were examined for Trichomonas vaginalis by microscopy of Giemsa (GS), Papanicolaou (PAP), and acridine-orange (AO) stained smears, and by culture in Feinberg-Whittington medium. Culture, Pap and GS stained smears from vaginal swabs yielded fewer positives than AO stained smears. Although Pap-stained cytological smears gave the highest number of positives, in 30% of these cases the presence of T.vaginalis could not be confirmed by examination of vaginal swabs. Of the positive AO-stained smears, 93% were also positive by at least one other technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.29.2.154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"154-157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Comparison of four techniques for the routine diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"P R","family":"Mason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Super","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P J","family":"Fripp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.18.1.27","article-title":"Preparation and use of fixative slides for the diagnosis of Tr-ichomonas vaginalis","volume":"18","author":"Amies, C.R.; Garabedian, M.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Amies, C. R. and Garabedian, M. (1965). Preparation and use of fixative slides for the diagnosis of Tr-ichomonas vaginalis. J. clin. Path., 18, 27-30.","journal-title":"J. clin. Path"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"536","article-title":"Growth studies of sarious strains of T.vaginalis and possible improvements in the laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis","volume":"49","author":"Cox, P.J.; Nicol, C.S.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Cox, P. J. and Nicol, C. S. (1973). Growth studies of sarious strains of T.vaginalis and possible improvements in the laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis. Brit. J. vener. Dis., 49, 536-539.","journal-title":"Brit. J. vener. Dis"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Handbook of Histopathological","author":"Culling, C.F.A.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Culling, C. F. A. (1963). Handbook of Histopathological"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1513","article-title":"Fluorescence microscopy in exfoliate cytology: Report of acridine orange examination of 5491 cases, with comparison by the Papanicolaou technique","volume":"8","author":"Dart, L.H.; Turner, T.R.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Dart, L. H. and Turner, T. R. (1959). Fluorescence microscopy in exfoliate cytology: Report of acridine orange examination of 5491 cases, with comparison by the Papanicolaou technique. Lab. Invest., 8, 1513-1522.","journal-title":"Lab. Invest"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"8823","article-title":"Systemic treatment of human trichomoniasis w ith a derivative of nitro-imidazole","volume":"36","author":"Durel, P.; Roiron, V.; Siboulet, A.; Barel, L.J.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Durel, P., Roiron, V., Siboulet, A., and Barel, L. J. (1960). Systemic treatment of human trichomoniasis w ith a derivative of nitro-imidazole. 8823 R.P. Brit. J. venier. Dis., 36, 21-26.","journal-title":"J. venier. Dis"},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"A culture medium for Trichomonas vaginalis Donne and species of","author":"Feinberg, J.G.; Whittington, M.J.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Feinberg, J. G. and Whittington, M. J. (1957). A culture medium for Trichomonas vaginalis Donne and species of"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1235","article-title":"A modified staining technique for Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"32","author":"Freeman, F.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Freeman, F. (1958). A modified staining technique for Trichomonas vaginalis. S. Afr. med. J., 32, 1235.","journal-title":"S. Afr. med. J"},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"A method for the diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis using acridine orange","author":"Fripp, P.J.; Mason, P.R.; Super, H.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Fripp, P. J., Mason, P. R., and Super, H. (1975). A method for the diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis using acridine orange. J. Parasit., (In press).","journal-title":"J. Parasit"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.22.3.269","article-title":"Review of current methods for the detection of Trichomnonas in clinical material","volume":"22","author":"Hess, J.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Hess, J. (1969). Review of current methods for the detection of Trichomnonas in clinical material. J. clin. Path., 22, 269-272.","journal-title":"J. clin. Path"},{"key":"ref_10","author":"Hughes, H.E.; Gordon, A.M.; Barr, G.T.D.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hughes, H. E., Gordon, A. M., and Barr, G. T. D. (1966)."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-54-14388","article-title":"Experimental basis for the chemotherapy of Trichomonas vaginalis infestations","volume":"54","author":"Johnson, G.; Trussel, R.E.","year":"1943","unstructured":"Johnson, G. and Trussel, R. E. (1943). Experimental basis for the chemotherapy of Trichomonas vaginalis infestations. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.), 54, 245-249.","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.)"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.18.4.432","article-title":"A comparison of current laboratorv methods and a new semi-solid culture medium for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"18","author":"Lowe, G.H.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Lowe, G. H. (1965). A comparison of current laboratorv methods and a new semi-solid culture medium for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis. J. clin. Path., 18, 432-434.","journal-title":"J. clin. Path"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"389","article-title":"A comparison of culture media for the isolation of Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"29","author":"Lowe, G.H.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lowe, G. H. (1972a). A comparison of culture media for the isolation of Trichomonas vaginalis. Med. Lab. Technol., 29, 389-391.","journal-title":"Med. Lab. Technol"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"40","article-title":"The laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis. In Laboratory Diagnosis of Venereal Disease","author":"Lowe, G.H.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lowe, G. H. (1972b). The laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis. In Laboratory Diagnosis of Venereal Disease. pp. 40-42. Public Health Laboratory Service Monograph Series No. I. London.","journal-title":"Public Health Laboratory Service Monograph Series No. I. London"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"450","article-title":"Comparison of direct microscopy and culture in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis","volume":"50","author":"McCann, J.S.","year":"1974","unstructured":"McCann, J. S. (1974). Comparison of direct microscopy and culture in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis. Brit. J. vener. Dis., 50, 450-452.","journal-title":"Brit. J. vener. Dis"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"525","article-title":"Metronidazole in the single-dose treatment of trichomoniasis in men and women","volume":"48","author":"Morton, R.S.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Morton, R. S. (1972). Metronidazole in the single-dose treatment of trichomoniasis in men and women. Brit. J. vener. Dis., 48, 525-527.","journal-title":"Brit. J. vener. Dis"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"7","article-title":"Errors in the diagnosis of Tricho)nonas vaginalis infection","volume":"39","author":"Perl, G.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Perl, G. (1972). Errors in the diagnosis of Tricho)nonas vaginalis infection. Obstet. and Gynec., 39, 7-9.","journal-title":"Obstet. and Gynec"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"63","article-title":"Comparison of culture media for the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"44","author":"Rayner, C.F.A.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Rayner, C. F. A. (1968). Comparison of culture media for the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis. Brit. J. rener. Dis., 44, 63-66.","journal-title":"Brit. J. rener. Dis"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"116","article-title":"Value of Papanicolaou-stained smears Comparison offour techniques for the routine diagnosis ofTrichomonas vaginalis infection in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis, candidiasis, and cervical herpes simplex virus infection in women","volume":"51","year":"1975","unstructured":"Thin, R. M. T., Atia, W., Parker, J. 0. J., Nicol, C. S., and Canti, G. (1975). Value of Papanicolaou-stained smears Comparison offour techniques for the routine diagnosis ofTrichomonas vaginalis infection in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis, candidiasis, and cervical herpes simplex virus infection in women. Brit. J. vener. Dis., 51, 116-118.","journal-title":"Brit. J. vener. Dis"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/4.5.481","article-title":"Identification of cytoplasmic basophilia (ribonucleic acid) by fluorescence microscopy","volume":"4","author":"Von Bertalanffy, L.; Bickis, I.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Von Bertalanffy, L. and Bickis, I. (1956). Identification of cytoplasmic basophilia (ribonucleic acid) by fluorescence microscopy. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 4, 481-493.","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"80","article-title":"Epidemiology of infections with Trichomonas vaginalis in the light of improved diagnostic methods","volume":"33","author":"Whittington, M.J.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Whittington, M. J. (1957). Epidemiology of infections with Trichomonas vaginalis in the light of improved diagnostic methods. Brit. J. vener. Dis., 33, 80-91.","journal-title":"Brit. J. vener. Dis"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"65","article-title":"Treatment of trichomonal vaginitis with a single oral dose of metronidazole","volume":"48","author":"Woodcock, K.R.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Woodcock, K. R. (1972). Treatment of trichomonal vaginitis with a single oral dose of metronidazole. Brit. J. vener. Dis., 48, 65-68.","journal-title":"Brit. J. vener. Dis"},{"key":"ref_23","article-title":"Reports and Bulletins prepared by the Association of Clinical Biochemists The following reports and bulletins are published by the Association of Clinical Biochemists. They may be obtained from","volume-title":"London WC1H 9JR. Overseas readers should remit by British Postal or Money Order","author":"Bulletins), B.M.A.House; Square, Tavistock","unstructured":"Reports and Bulletins prepared by the Association of Clinical Biochemists The following reports and bulletins are published by the Association of Clinical Biochemists. They may be obtained from The Publishing Department, British Medical Journal (ACB Technical Bulletins), B.M.A. House, Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR. Overseas readers should remit by British Postal or Money Order."},{"key":"ref_24","article-title":"Automatic Dispensing Pipettes: an assessment of 35 commercial instruments","author":"BROUGHTON, P.M.G.; GOWENLOCK, A.H.; WIDDOWSON, G.M.; A, K.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Automatic Dispensing Pipettes: an assessment of 35 commercial instruments September 1967 P. M. G. BROUGHTON, A. H. GOWENLOCK, G. M. WIDDOWSON, and K. A. AHLQUIST"},{"key":"ref_25","article-title":"An Evaluation of five Commercial Flame Photometers suitable for the Simultaneous Determination of Sodium and Potassium","author":"BROUGHTON, P.M.G.","year":"1970","unstructured":"An Evaluation of five Commercial Flame Photometers suitable for the Simultaneous Determination of Sodium and Potassium March 1970 P. M. G. BROUGHTON and J. B. DAWSON"},{"key":"ref_26","article-title":"The Assessment of Thyroid Function","author":"FLYNN, F.V.; R, J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"The Assessment of Thyroid Function March 1971 F. V. FLYNN and J. R. HOBBS","journal-title":"HOBBS"},{"key":"ref_27","article-title":"Renal Function Tests Suitable for Clinical Practice January 1972 F","author":"MITCHELL, L.","unstructured":"Renal Function Tests Suitable for Clinical Practice January 1972 F. L. MITCHELL, N. VEALL, and R. W. E. WAM"},{"key":"ref_28","article-title":"Biochemical Tests for the Assessment of Fetoplacental Function","author":"WILDE, C.E.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Biochemical Tests for the Assessment of Fetoplacental Function May 1975 C. E. WILDE and R. E."},{"key":"ref_29","article-title":"Determination of Urea by AutoAnalyzer November 1966 RUTH M","volume-title":"HASLAM","unstructured":"Determination of Urea by AutoAnalyzer November 1966 RUTH M. HASLAM"},{"key":"ref_30","article-title":"Determination of Serum Albumin by AutoAnalyzer using Bromocresol Green","author":"NORTHAM, B.E.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Determination of Serum Albumin by AutoAnalyzer using Bromocresol Green October 1967 B. E. NORTHAM and G. M. WIDDOWSON"},{"key":"ref_31","article-title":"Quantities and Units in Clinical Biochemistry","author":"G, P.M.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Quantities and Units in Clinical Biochemistry June 1970 P. M. G. BROUGHTON"},{"key":"ref_32","article-title":"Filter Fluorimeters: A comparative list of 18 instruments September 1970 H. BRAUNSBERG and s. s","unstructured":"Filter Fluorimeters: A comparative list of 18 instruments September 1970 H. BRAUNSBERG and s. s. BROWN"},{"key":"ref_33","article-title":"Bilirubin Standards and the Determination of Bilirubin by Manual and Technicon AutoAnalyzer Methods January 1971 BARBARA","author":"BILLING, R.U.T.H.H.A.S.L.A.M.","unstructured":"Bilirubin Standards and the Determination of Bilirubin by Manual and Technicon AutoAnalyzer Methods January 1971 BARBARA BILLING, RUTH HASLAM, and N. WALD"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"S.","article-title":"Interchangeable Cells for Spectrophotometers and Fluorimeters September","author":"BROWN, S.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Interchangeable Cells for Spectrophotometers and Fluorimeters September 1971 S. S. BROWN and A. H. GOWENLOCK"},{"key":"ref_35","article-title":"Simple Tests to Detect Poisons","author":"W, B.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Simple Tests to Detect Poisons March 1972 B. W. MEADE et al.","journal-title":"MEADE et al"},{"key":"ref_36","article-title":"Blood Gas Analysers May 1972 K","unstructured":"Blood Gas Analysers May 1972 K. DIXON"},{"key":"ref_37","article-title":"Kits for Enzyme Activity Determination September","volume-title":"ROSALKI and D","author":"B, S.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kits for Enzyme Activity Determination September 1972 S. B. ROSALKI and D. TARLOW"},{"key":"ref_38","article-title":"Assessment of Pumps Suitable for Incorporation into Existing Continuous Flow Analytical Systems November 1972 A","unstructured":"Assessment of Pumps Suitable for Incorporation into Existing Continuous Flow Analytical Systems November 1972 A. FLECK et al.","journal-title":"FLECK et al"},{"key":"ref_39","article-title":"Routine Clinical Measurements of Transferrin in Human Serum September 1973 K","volume-title":"DIXON","unstructured":"Routine Clinical Measurements of Transferrin in Human Serum September 1973 K. DIXON"},{"key":"ref_40","article-title":"Control Materials for Clinical Biochemistry","year":"1973","unstructured":"Control Materials for Clinical Biochemistry (5th edition) September 1973 J. F. STEVENS","edition":"5th edition"},{"key":"ref_41","article-title":"Notes on the Quality of Performance of Serum Cholesterol Assays September 1973 s. s","unstructured":"Notes on the Quality of Performance of Serum Cholesterol Assays September 1973 s. s. BROWN"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.29.2.154","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T08:45:15Z","timestamp":1765701915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.29.2.154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.29.2.154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.29.2.154","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,2]]}}}